Abstract The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement, which entered into force in 2015, is an example of so-called “second-generation” regional trade agreements. Using the gravity equation and drawing on a novel dataset manufacturing goods (Monteiro World Organization, Geneva, 2020), I explore heterogeneity effects this agreement across time (anticipation phasing-in/delayed adjustment), country pai...

This paper estimates food miles effects for Korea. The data set is constructed using 4-digit Harmonized System codes for 169 products and each product’s trade flows with a total of 71 trading partners. The food miles level is estimated as 258 billion ton-km in 2010, which is equivalent to 5.4 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, or 1% of the total agricultural import value. Under the...