the aim of this study preparation of the predicted soil maps by using kriging and inverse distance weighting methods in east rangeland of semnan. sampling was done within each unit of sampling parallel transects and 1 vertical transect with 750m length. soil samples were taken from 0-20 cm in starting and ending points of each transect. there were used kriging and inverse distance weighting met...

Estimating the spatial distribution of precipitation is an important and challenging task in hydrology, climatology, ecology, and environmental science. In order to generate a highly accurate distribution map of average annual precipitation for the Loess Plateau in China, multiple linear regression Kriging (MLRK) and geographically weighted regression Kriging (GWRK) methods were employed using ...

This study applies variogram analyses of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images derived from SPOT HRV images obtained before and after the ChiChi earthquake in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan, as well as images after four large typhoons, to delineate the spatial patterns, spatial structures and spatial variability of landscapes caused by these large disturbances. The conditional L...

Being able to provide a quick and accurate pollutant maps from readings at isolated measurement stations is becoming more important today in light of the European norms on air quality and the public’s demand to be informed. Commonly used algorithms for cartography are quick but their accuracy remains to be determined. Firstly, the choice of method is arbitrary and based on user's subjective per...

One important method to obtain the continuous surfaces of soil properties from point samples is spatial interpolation. In this paper, we propose a method that combines ensemble learning with ancillary environmental information for improved interpolation of soil properties (hereafter, EL-SP). First, we calculated the trend value for soil potassium contents at the Qinghai Lake region in China bas...

This study aims at quantifying spatio-temporal dynamics of monthly mean dailyincident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) over a vast and complex terrain such asTurkey. The spatial interpolation method of universal kriging, and the combination ofmultiple linear regression (MLR) models and map algebra techniques were implemented togenerate surface maps of PAR with a grid resolution of 500 ...

heavy metals are very important from environmental consideration due to their toxicity and accumulative properties. the aim of this study is the evaluation of spatial distribution of cr, co and ni in the surface soils of hamadan province. for this purpose, the surface soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected using systematic random sampling method and the concentration of heavy metals and some of ...

Ground-level tropospheric ozone is one of the air pollutants of most concern. It is mainly produced by photochemical processes involving nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the lower parts of the atmosphere. Ozone levels become particularly high in regions close to high ozone precursor emissions and during summer, when stagnant meteorological conditions with high insolation and hi...

This study describes a method used to improve ore grade estimation in a limestone deposit in India. Ore grade estimation for the limestone deposit was complicated by the complex lithological structure of the deposit. The erratic nature of the deposit and the unavailability of adequate samples for each of the lithogical units made standard geostatistical methods of capturing the spatial variatio...

Article history: Received 2 February 2006 Received in revised form 8 May 2006 Accepted 20 May 2006 The exact area calculation of irregularly distributed data is in the focus of all territorial geochemical balancingmethods or definition of protection zones. Especially in the deep-sea environment the interpolation ofmeasurements into surfaces represents an important gain of information, because o...