In conventional x-ray imaging, including CT, the peak tube voltage (kVp) is a variable setting that affects image contrast, especially that due to differences in attenuation of high molecular weight substances such as iodine and calcium. For example, attenuation due to iodine at 80 kVp is approximately double that at 120-140 kVp. However, if the tube current (mA) is not adjusted appropriately t...

Some of the lowest voltages used in radiotherapy are termed Grenz and superficial X-rays of ~ 20 and ~ 100 kVp, respectively. Dosimetrically, the surface doses from these beams are calculated with the use of a free in-air air kerma measurement combined with a backscatter factor and the appropriate ratio of mass energy absorption coefficients from the measurement material to water. Alternative t...

The objectives of this study were to document imaging physics parameters associated with mammography physics surveys, and investigate how the choice of tube potential affects average glandular dose (AGD) and x-ray exposure time. Data from 60 mammography units were obtained pertaining to representative values of mAs, exposure time, half value layer, AGD and film density when acquiring phantom im...

BACKGROUND To figure out the relationship between image noise and contrast noise ratio (CNR) at different tube voltages, using anthropomorphic new-born and 1-year-old phantoms, and to discuss the feasibility of radiation dose reduction, based on the obtained CNR index from image noise. We performed helical scans of the anthropomorphic new-born and 1-year-old phantoms. The CT numbers of the simu...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality and sensitivity of ultralow radiation dose single-energy computed tomography (CT) with tin filtration for spectral shaping and iterative reconstructions for the detection of pulmonary nodules in a phantom setting. METHODS Single-energy CT was performed using third-generation dual-source CT (SOMATOM Force; 2 × 192 slices) at 7...

PURPOSE High atomic number (Z) materials have been considered as a method for enhancing radiation dose in tumors. The dose enhancement due to interactions of kilovoltage x-rays with high-Z materials (i.e., gold or iodine) has been well demonstrated through computational works. This study is to experimentally quantify the effect using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and iodine solutions, respectively...

Introduction Application of quality control (QC) programs at diagnostic radiology departments is of great significance for optimization of image quality and reduction of patient dose. The main objective of this study was to perform QC tests on stationary radiographic X-ray machines, installed in 14 hospitals of Kerman province, Iran. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, QC tests...

OBJECTIVES To determine the optimal kVp and exposure conditions for digital subtraction radiography system using a storage phosphor system. METHOD Signal-to-noise (SNR) measurements were acquired using a Digora system (Soredex, Helsinki, Finland) of large area, low contrast, clinically realistic details against varying degrees of background attenuation for both single exposure unsubtracted an...

Background: Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) scan is a non-invasive method for the in vivo identification of renal stone composition. However, DECT scanners have several demerits, including high cost, low accessibility, and radiation dose to patients. Objectives: The present study aimed investigate efficacy deep neural networks classification types using single-energy CT imaging. Taguchi ...