A. Reduction-closed barbed congruence (Section II) Definition 28 (Reduction-closed barbed congruence). Let L be a process calculus, in which a reduction relation −→L and barb predicates ↓a , for each a in a given set of names, have been defined. A relationR on the processes of L is context-closed if PRQ implies C[P ]RC[Q], for each context C of L; the relation is barb-preserving if for any name...

In this paper we investigate weak contact relations C on a lattice L, in particular, the relation between various axioms for contact, and their connection to the algebraic structure of the lattice. Furthermore, we will study a notion of orthogonality which is motivated by a weak contact relation in an inner product space. Although this is clearly a spatial application, we will show that, in cas...

Empirical relations involving seismic moment M o , magnitude M s , energy E s and fault dimension L (or area S) are discussed on the basis of an extensive set of earthquake data ( M s >= 6) and simple crack and dynamic dislocation models. The relation between log S and log M o is remarkably linear (slope ~ 2/3) indicating a constant stress drop Aa; Atr = 30, 100 and 60 bars are obtained for int...

Early-type galaxy velocity dispersions and luminosities are correlated. The correlation estimated in local samples (≤ 100 Mpc) differs from that measured more recently in the SDSS. We show that this is also true for the ENEAR sample if galaxy luminosities are estimated using distances which have been corrected for peculiar motions. We then show that, because the estimate of the ‘true’ distance ...

We use spiral galaxy evolution models to argue that there are substantial variations in stellar mass-to-light ratio (M/L) within and among galaxies. Our models show a strong correlation between stellar M/L and galaxy color. We compare the colors and maximum-disk M/L values of a sample of galaxies to the model color-M/L relation, finding that a Salpeter IMF is too massive but that an IMF with fe...