This study tries to answer the question, “has macroeconomic instability detrimental impact on gross domestic product of Pakistan over the period of 1980 to 2012?” For reviewing macroeconomic instability a comprehensive macroeconomic instability index is constructed by incorporating inflation rate, unemployment rate, trade deficit and budget deficit. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model h...

The fundamental solution of the system of differential equations in bio-thermoelasticity with dual phase lag (DPL) in case of steady oscillations in terms of elementary function is constructed and basic property is established. The tissue is considered as an isotropic medium and the propagation of plane harmonic waves is studied. The Christoffel equations are obtained and modified with the ther...

This note is concerned with the problem of semi-globally stabilizing a linear system with an input delay and a constraint on the energy of its input. Under the condition of null controllability with vanishing energy, the parametric Lyapunov equation based L2 low gain feedback is adopted to solve the problem. The proposed approach is applied to the linearized model of the relative motion in the ...

The pole assignment method for non-delay multivariable systems has received a great deal of attention for designing feedback controllers to achieve desired objectives [1], [2]. Suh and Bien [3] have considered a root locus technique for linear systems with time-delay. Here is an attempt to present a pole assignment method for multi-input systems with input delay. The single-input system with de...

The robust stability analysis of asynchronous and uncertain sampled-data systems with constant incremental input delay is addressed in the looped-functional framework. These functionals have been shown to be suitable for the analysis of impulsive systems as they allow one to express discrete-time stability conditions in an affine way, enabling then the consideration of uncertain and time-varyin...

This work presents a new discrete-time adaptive-predictive control algorithm for a system with force disturbance and input delay. This scenario is representative of a mechatronic device for percutaneous intervention with pneumatic actuation and long supply lines which is controlled remotely in the presence of an unknown external force resulting from needle-tissue interaction or gravity. The ult...

The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of crude oil price on global fertilizer prices in both the mean and volatility. The endogenous structural breakpoint unit root test, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, and alternative volatility models, including the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model, an...

The Almon technique is widely used to estimate the parameters of distributed lag model (DLM). suffers a setback from challenge multicollinearity because explanatory variables and their lagged values are often correlated. Almon-Ridge estimator (A-RE) Almon-Liu (A-LE) were introduced as alternative estimators for efficient modelling. We developed new method estimating coefficients DLM using Almon...

We derive estimators for the multiple lag process, a generalization of the lag process, via spectral representations of stationary processes by complex random spectral measures. We present estimators of transfer functions for the multiple lag model with a given vector of lags and derive a multiple-lag (quadratic) coherence which can be maximized to choose the best vector of lags in the minimum ...

Because of the substantial difference in stiffness between matrix and nanotube in CNT composite, the stress transfer between them controls their mechanical properties. This paper investigates the said issue, analytically and numerically, in axial load using representative volume element (RVE). The analytical model was established based on the modified Cox’s shear lag model with the use of some ...