We investigated the microstructural evolution of Sn(96.4)Ag(2.8)Cu(0.8) solder through in situ heating transmission electron microscopy observations. As-soldered bump consisted of seven layers, containing the nanoeutectic lamella structure of AuSn and Au₅Sn phases, and the polygonal grains of AuSn₂ and AuSn₄, on Au-plated Cu bond pads. Here, we found that there are two nanoeutectic lamellar lay...

An experimental study of thermal atomization intensity during droplet impingement on superheated hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces varying microstructure was performed. Thermal in these scenarios is the result boiling, where vapor bubbles burst upwards through lamella, causing a fine spray secondary droplets. A smooth surface three post-patterned similar solid fraction but differing pos...

Metals with a high density of nanometre-scale twins have demonstrated simultaneous high strength and good ductility, attributed to the interaction between lattice dislocations and twin boundaries. Maximum strength was observed at a critical twin lamella spacing (∼15 nm) by mechanical testing; hence, an explanation of how twin lamella spacing influences dislocation behaviours is desired. Here, w...

Recent advances in software development and machine learning algorithms are revolutionizing the way microstructures analyzed quantified fields like biology neuroscience. With this, comes an upsurge opportunities to apply these tools study food microstructure gain a deeper understanding of structure-function relationships. This article shows how recently developed deep-learning cellular segmenta...

Thickening of basal lamina' (BL) which occurs with advancing age (1) and various diseases (4, 7, 10) is most common and severe in patients with diabetes mellitus (2, 8, 6, 12, 14) . The reasons, for. and the mechanism of this thickening have thus far escaped satisfactory explanation . In this communication, we wish to provide new evidence which elucidates the development of thick BL and which d...

Introduction Thin and ultrathin crystalline polymer films are of fundamental scientific and practical interest, e.g. in terms of their mechanical properties or of crystallization in a confined environment. A common route to ultrathin crystalline polymer films is spin-coating from solution, often at high temperature, which involves formation of crystalline structures during solvent evaporation. ...

As cells move forward, they pull rearward against extracellular matrices (ECMs), exerting traction forces. However, no rearward forces have been seen in the fish keratocyte. To address this discrepancy, we have measured the propulsive forces generated by the keratocyte lamella on both the ventral and the dorsal surfaces. On the ventral surface, a micromachined device revealed that traction forc...

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OBJECTIVE The aim of this surgical procedure was to definitively correct severe recurrent upper and lower bilateral eyelid ectropion after 2 attempts with full-thickness skin grafts. It was necessary to repair all 4 eyelids with forehead skin. Middle lamella support was required. METHODS Bilateral median forehead flaps, which were well vascularized by the supratrochlear vessels, were chosen f...