The selection gradient is of central importance in evolutionary biology because it quantifies the forces of directional selection acting on a trait. Lande has shown that the selection gradient can be computed as the vector gradient of the log mean fitness when the trait is normally distributed. Using the framework of Gaussian processes and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, a rigorous definitio...

1 MURTZ, M., PFISTER, O., MARQUARDT, J.H., STEPHENS, M., WELLS, J.S., WALTMAN, S., HOLLBERG, L., ROBINSON, H.G., FOX, R.W., MEHUYS, D., BROWN, E.R., and MCINTOSH, K.A.: ‘Nonlinear optics for optical frequency synthesis and optical divide by 3’. Proc. 5th Annual meeting of frequency standards and frequency metrology, 1995 2 LANDE, D., HEANUE, J.F., BASHAW, M.c., and HESSELINK, L.: ‘A digital wav...

Hirudo medicinalis has virtually an obligatory symbiotic relationship with the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila (= Pseudomonas hirudinis), the only species of bacteria which lives in its gut (Zirpolo 1923; Lehmensick 1941, 1942; Hornbostel 1941; Büsing 1951; Büsing et al. 1953; Wilde 1976; Jennings and Van der Lande 1967; Whitlock, O'Hare, Saunders and Morrow 1983). Aeromonas hydrophila is import...

STEINAR ENGEN*, RUSSELL LANDE†, BERNT-ERIK SÆTHER‡ and THOMAS BREGNBALLE§ * Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway; † Department of Biology 0116, University of California − San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; ‡ Department of Zoology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491-Trondheim, Norway; and § National Env...

In many animal taxa, parental care is a critical environmental influence on offspring growth and development (Clutton-Brock, 1991). Parents with high energetic investment in parental care influence offspring mass positively (Moreno et al., 1997; Burness et al., 2001). Provisioning offspring with an energy-rich and/or a high quality diet improves growth rate of offspring and reduces duration of ...

According to the model of FOSS, LANDE, STAHL and STEINBERG, chiasma interference is a reflection of the requirement for crossovers to be separated by an organism-specific number of potential conversion events without associated crossovers. This model predicts that tetrads with close double crossovers should be enriched for conversion events that themselves are not associated with crossing over....

The Lande equation forms the basis for our understanding of the short-term evolution of quantitative traits in a multivariate context. It predicts the response to selection as the product of an additive genetic variance matrix and a selection gradient. The selection gradient approximates the force and direction of selection, and the genetic variance matrix quantifies the role of the genetic sys...

The Fisher-inspired, arbitrary intersexual selection models of Lande (1981) and Kirkpatrick (1982), including both stable and unstable equilibrium conditions, provide the appropriate null model for the evolution of traits and preferences by intersexual selection. Like the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, the Lande–Kirkpatrick (LK) mechanism arises as an intrinsic consequence of genetic variation in ...