Soil microbial communities are structured by biogeochemical processes that occur at many different spatial scales, which makes soil sampling difficult. Because soil microbial communities are important in nutrient cycling and soil fertility, it is important to understand how microbial communities function within the heterogeneous soil landscape. In this study, a self-organizing map was used to d...

Landscapes can be modelled as sets of homogeneous objects (landscape elements) forming areas of characteristic patterns (landscape units). The common way to represent landscapes is by vector GIS data structures which do not provide a mechanism for storing the spatial relationships between the objects in explicit form. Also, they do not account for a multi-scale representation. Graphs can be use...

This paper investigates the spatial heterogeneity of three landscapes along an altitudinal gradient and different human land use. The main aim was the identification of appropriate landscape indicators using different extents. ASTER image was used to create a land cover map consisting of three landscapes which differed in altitude and land use. A number of landscape metrics quantifying patch co...

gel sefid village is in mashayekh village in central part of ardal city of chahar mahal and bakhtiari province. in the research, quickbird satellite image in google earth software was used to introduce the landscape of this village and to recognize the whole human uses and natural spots in the study area. then the resulting map was transferred to arcgis 3.1 software and the area land use map wa...

The accuracy of object tracking methodologies can be significantly improved by utilising knowledge about the monitored scene. Such scene knowledge includes the homography between the camera and ground planes and the occlusion landscape identifying the depth map associated with the static occlusions in the scene. Using the ground plane, a simple method of relating the projected height and width ...

Evolutionary processes depend on both selection—how fit any given individual may be, and on evolvability—how and how effectively new and fitter individuals are generated over time. While genetic algorithms typically represent the selection process explicitly by the fitness function and the information in the genomes, factors affecting evolvability are most often implicit in and distributed thro...

T effects of landscape context on habitat quality are receiving increased attention in conservation biology. The objective of this research is to demonstrate a landscape-level approach to mapping and evaluating the anthropogenic risks of grassland and forest habitat degradation by examining habitat context as defined by intensive anthropogenic land uses at multiple spatial scales. A landscape m...

Landscape ecology starts from the assumption that diversity and spatial arrangement of ecosystem mosaics have ecological implications and tries to understand the interactions between diversity and structure of large spatially heterogeneous areas and their ecological functions. These assumptions imply effective use of earth observation techniques and geographic information systems, enabling a gl...

Genetic spaces are often described in terms of fitness landscapes or genotype-to-phenotype maps, where each potential genetic sequence is associated with a set of properties and connected to other genotypes that are a single mutation away. The positions close to a genotype make up its ”mutational landscape” and, in aggregate, determine the short-term evolutionary potential of a population. Popu...