Studies of the “human dimension” of landscapes have become increasingly important in landscape also as a “place” with its meanings and contributions to societal identity. In this chapter, we present some of the key theories of landscape experience and empirical research related to those theories. They are grouped around three concepts: First, we survey theories dealing with landscapes perceived...

Forest pathology inherently involves a landscape perspective, because tree pathogens propagate according to heterogeneous spatial patterns of flow and isolation. Landscape pathology is a field that is now emerging from the transdisciplinary cooperation of forest pathologists with landscape ecologists. Here, we review recent broad-scale assessments of tree disease risk, investigations of site an...

this paper discusses the importance of environmental aesthetics and scenic beauty of currentroadside vegetation in the highways, and the necessity for the contribution of users (motorists) preferences inthe integration of scenic beauty of roadside vegetation into its management plans. the results of a questionnairesurvey of motorist’s opinion on the landscape aesthetics and quality of some high...

Humans receive multiple benefits from various landscapes that foster ecological services and aesthetic attractiveness. In this study, a hybrid framework was proposed to evaluate ecological and aesthetic values of five landscape types in Houguanhu Region of central China. Data from the public aesthetic survey and professional ecological assessment were converted into a two-dimensional coordinate...

Conventional models of single district plurality elections show that with three parties anything can happen extreme policies can win regardless of voter preferences. I show that when there are multiple district elections for a legislature we get back to a world where the median voter matters: an extreme policy will generally only come about if it is preferred by the median voter in a majority o...

We consider a multilateral bargaining game in which the agents can be classified into two groups according to their instantaneous preferences. In one of these groups there is one agent with a different discount factor. We analyze how this time-preference heterogeneity may generate multiplicity of equilibria. When such an agent is sufficiently more patient than the rest, there is an equilibrium ...