The effects of six lipophilic vitamins: tretinoin (ATRA), vitamin D(3) (VD(3)), VE, VK(1), VK(3), and VK(5) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human A375 melanoma cells were investigated. VD(3), VK(3), and VK(5) were found to inhibit cell proliferation significantly at concentration ranges of 10-100 μmol/L (p<0.01), while the other vitamins did not show inhibitory effects at 100 μmol/L. VK(...

Editor's Note: These short, critical reviews of recent papers in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to summarize the important findings of the paper and provide additional insight and commentary. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see Review of Swisher et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (f...

English language is the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca for economic, scientific, and political exchange. Therefore, command over the English language attains central place among the determinant of access to higher education and employment possibilities especially in a multilingual country like India. But traditionally “Chalk and Talk” method is used in Indian ...

INTRODUCTION Traumatic nipple is among the most common problems of the breastfeeding period which leads to early cessation of breastfeeding. The study aimed to compare the effects of the lanolin, peppermint, and dexpanthenol creams on the treatment of traumatic nipples. METHODS This double-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out on 126 breastfeeding mothers. The mothers had visited ...

Topical iodine forms are used for infected and necrotic pressure ulcers. Despite antimicrobial advantages several potential disadvantages were observed with controversial results. To clarify the controversy, the reactivity of povidone-iodine (PI) sugar ointment and cadexomer-iodine (CI) ointment toward biological components was investigated. L-Tyrosine as a component of proteins and egg lecithi...

We previously reported the development and clinical efficacy of a 2% aspirin oral ointment and 2% ethenzamide oral ointment as hospital preparations for painful lesions of the oral mucosa. This study investigated methods of preparing a more stable oral ointment with a more effective analgesic action, using diflunisal, another salicylic acid derivative, with an analgesic effect stronger than tha...

Evening: Yellow Ointment (Ung. Hydrarg. Oxid. Flav. 2 per cent.) 2nd day, morning: Yellow Ointment. Evening: Yellow ointment. 3rd day, morning: Yellow Ointment. Evening: Zinc Sulph. and Ichthyol Ointment (\ per cent. each). 4th day, Operation. If there is discharge, we continue the yellow ointment until it ceases and the eye is fit for operation. Usually after three or four days, the eye is fre...

BACKGROUND Sore nipples in breast-feeding mothers are a common cause of premature weaning, and are difficult to treat owing to recurrent trauma and exposure to the infant's oral flora. OBJECTIVE To compare the safety and efficacy of a hydrogel moist wound dressing (Elasto-gel, Southwest Technologies Inc, Baltimore, Md) with the use of breast shells and lanolin cream in the treatment of matern...

Modification to find the best physicochemical properties of minocycline hydrochloride ointment for optimum treatment of bedsore was investigated by coformulating various types of cyclodextrins (CyD) in the ointment base. It was found that the drug release rate from the ointment base was modified according to the preparation method of ointment base and the type of CyD admixed. The physicochemica...