The tiny spaces of sentry boxes in cities, such as mobile security guards, highway toll booths, etc., are mostly located beside roads with harsh outdoor environments. Due to office demands, work windows often need be kept or frequently opened. intrusion pollutants through the leads deterioration indoor air quality, and threatens health employees. This paper takes gaseous pollutant NO 2 represen...

Change in the spatial characteristics of forest openings was investigated in three forested watersheds in northwestern Siskiyou County, California totalling approximately 24,600 hectares. Watersheds with minimal human disturbance were chosen for study. However, fi;e suppression has been pervasive throughout. Characteristics of forest openings (area, perimeter, distance between neighboring openi...

Over 90% of framed structures in Uganda are built from reinforced concrete. Prior to the 1990’s, most buildings had no openings in slabs, yet in city centers buildings butt against each other with widows at front and back only. This limited retail activities to front rooms of the ground floor and the buildings had to be narrow. A baseline survey of 50 shopping malls in Kampala Central Business ...

mosque architecture is considered as a potent visual symbol of the islamic architects’ design ability. prayer-hall as the manifestation of equality between the believers and the unity of architectural space has challenged such an ability throughout the history. this study, considering the characteristics of light-openings in the domes of iranian mosques’ prayer-hall, aims to investigate these d...

Mosque architecture is considered as a potent visual symbol of the Islamic architects’ design ability. Prayer-hall as the manifestation of equality between the believers and the unity of architectural space has challenged such an ability throughout the history. This study, considering the characteristics of light-openings in the domes of Iranian mosques’ Prayer-hall, aims to investigate thes...

PURPOSE To elucidate the potential of three-dimensional anterior segment optical coherence tomography (3D AS-OCT) for identifying filtration openings where aqueous humor flows from the sclera into the subconjunctival space. METHODS We used 3D AS-OCT and custom software to identify filtration openings, which were defined by pits and/or troughs in fluid-filled cavities in both horizontal and ve...

Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of smoke extraction duct system (SEDS) in single compartments different volumes (i.e., 128 m $$^3$$ , 512 and 2400 ) with FDS 6.5.3 are presented. The required grid resolution for accurate flow inside the systems is discussed influence SEDS design parameters shape position system, number openings) on efficiency analysed. rates applied to determined a-priori based si...

Computer programs have been developed to calculate track parameters and to plot track openings and wall pro$les. The programs are based on equations derived for three-dimensional consideration of track development. All possible cases of track openings and wall pro$les are obtainable from these equations. Results are given for lengths of major and minor axes, track depths and surface areas of tr...