The results of large-scale molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the mechanisms responsible for material ejection as well as most of the parameters of the ejection process have a strong dependence on the rate of the laser energy deposition. For longer laser pulses, in the regime of thermal confinement, a phase explosion of the overheated material is responsible for the collective mate...

Laser cladding is a relatively fast and precise metal deposition process that has been widely applied to deposit coatings to protect parts from wear and/or corrosion and to rebuild worn surfaces of expensive components such as jet engine turbine blade tips. Economic development of laser cladding process applications is impeded by lack of a capability to accurately predict the results of complex...

Thermal and thermomechanical phenomena in laser metal interaction are of great importance in terms of understanding the underlying mechanisms in laser materials processing, optimizing the efficiency of laser micro-machining, and minimizing laser induced damage. In this work, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is carried out to investigate picosecond laser copper interaction. A method has been d...

The deposition of fog to a wind-exposed 3 m tall Puerto Rican cloud forest at 1010 m elevation was studied using the water budget and eddy covariance methods. Fog deposition was calculated from the water budget as throughfall plus stemflow plus interception loss minus rainfall corrected for wind-induced loss and effect of slope. The eddy covariance method was used to calculate the turbulent liq...

Mechanical abrasion is an extremely simple, rapid, and low-cost method for deposition of carbon-based materials onto a substrate. However, the method is limited in throughput, precision, and surface compatibility for drawing conductive pathways. Selective patterning of surfaces using laser-etching can facilitate substantial improvements to address these current limitations for the abrasive depo...

BACKGROUND Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have demonstrated that grey matter abnormalities are involved in the pathophysiology of late-life depression (LLD), but the findings are inconsistent and have not been quantitatively reviewed. The aim of the present study was to conduct a meta-analysis that integrated the reported VBM studies, to determine consistent grey matter alterations in in...

Class cohesion metrics apply different approaches to quantify the relatedness of the attributes and methods in a class. These relations can be direct or transitive. Method invocations are among the key sources of potential transitive attribute-method relations. That is, a method is not only related to the attributes that it references, but it may also be transitively related to the attributes r...

Glass is a very stable material at room temperature and has good resistance to gas, bacteria, organisms. Due the development of electronic industry, industrial demand for creating conductive pattern on glass increasing rapidly. To create circuit patterns surface, non-contact methods based high energy sources or chemical are generally used. However, these have disadvantages such as low conductiv...