The study investigated the potential for stimulation of both motor cortices during transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to evoke abdominal muscle responses. Electromyographic activity (EMG) of transversus abdominis (TrA) was recorded bilaterally in eleven healthy volunteers using fine-wire electrodes. TMS at 120% motor threshold (MT) was delivered at rest and during 10% activation at 1cm int...

We examined the characteristics of heterosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) and depotentiation of previously established long-term potentiation (LTP) in the medial and lateral entorhinal afferents to the dentate gyrus in the awake rat. Rats were prepared for chronic recording of dentate gyrus evoked potentials to activation of the medial and lateral perforant paths. This study in awake rats co...

Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus can motivate feeding or can serve as a reward in its own right. It remains unclear whether the same or independent but anatomically overlapping circuitries mediate the two effects. Electrical stimulation findings implicate medial forebrain bundle (MFB) fibers of passage in both effects, and optogenetic studies confirm a contribution from fibers...

The purpose of this experiment is to confirm the effects of the descending pathway from the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) on rhythmic discharges induced by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) in the decerebrated cat. The experiments were performed on 18 adult cats (2.5-4.0 kg) of either sex. The rhythmic discharges produced by the MLR stimulation were recorded from hindli...

Since the time when Olds and Milner (15) have discovered that electrical stimulation of certain brain areas can serve as a reinforcement for motivated behavior, it has been shown that electrical stimulation of certain areas within the lateral hypothalamus evoked both self-stimulation and eating responses (14). These data became the basis for the view that drive induction rather than drive reduc...

Suga (1994) has presented arguments supporting the existence of lateral inhibition in the auditory system. We developed a computational model of a lateral inhibition neural network possibly taking part in auditory stimulus processing. The behavior of the model under several hypothetical auditory stimuli matches experimental results. We have shown that lateral inhibition can be the cause of tinn...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of functional electrical stimulation on muscle tone and stiffness in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Ten patients who had suffered from stroke were recruited. The intervention was functional electrical stimulation on ankle dorsiflexor muscle (tibialis anterior). The duration of functional electrical stimulation was 30 minu...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caloric vestibular stimulation on the postural sway characteristics of hemiparetic patients. Two groups of 15 hemiparetic patients each (right and left) were compared to a group of 15 control subjects. Hemiplegic patients were selected for the study if they showed ability to stand without external support for at least 30 seconds. Postu...