objective(s):the hippocampus has been implicated in pathophysiology of schizophrenia. prenatal stress is a contributing risk factor for a wide variety of neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. this study examined long-term effects of prenatal restraint stress on the stereological parameters in the cornu ammonis (ca) of adult male rats as an animal model of schizophrenia. materials a...

Cuticle ultrastructure of Criconemella curvata and C. sphaerocephala females is presented; males were available only in the second species. Ultrathin sections revealed three major zones: cortical, median, and basal. The cortical zone in the females consists of an external and internal layer. In C. curvata the external layer is trilaminate and at each annule it is covered by a multilayered cap. ...

It has been suggested diabetes plays an important role in tooth loss. Studies examining the periodontal structures and the alveolar bone architecture in diabetics have revealed some alterations. However, mechanisms responsible for these alterations have not been elucidated completely. Established relationships between the cementum layer, which is resistant to resorption, and diabetes are few in...

A young male suffering from renovascular hypertension was admitted. His initial arteriogram highlighted a focal stenosis of the right renal artery. His intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) revealed increasing medial layer thickness accompanied by a mixture of both high and low echoic materials in this layer. There was also mild thickening of the intimal layer. The diagnosis of medial fibroplasia and...

Poultry farming not only provides high nutritious food but also creates employment opportunity for rural masses. Documented evidences elaborates that helminth parasitism is most deciduous problem of chickens especially in developing world. Ascaridia (A.) galli, a nematode of small intestine, has been considered as the most common and important parasite of chicken. The present study was carried ...

Epigenetic regulation can add a flexible layer to genetic variation, potentially enabling long-term but reversible cis-regulatory changes to an allele while maintaining its DNA sequence. Here, we present a case in which alternative epigenetic states lead to reversible sex determination in the hexaploid persimmon Diospyros kaki Previously, we elucidated the molecular mechanism of sex determinati...

PURPOSE To report the in vivo laser confocal microscopy findings from a patient with Descemet's membrane and subepithelial opacity OU. CASE REPORT A healthy 41-year-old male with Descemet's membrane and subepithelial opacity OU was studied. Routine ophthalmic examination, standard slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and in vivo laser confocal microscopic analysis of the entire corneal layer were perform...

today bleach and detergents are being frequently used and some people use their mixture for more cleaning. because of chemical interaction of bleach and detergent, chlorine gas was released and thereby it could be dangerous for human health. this study examined the effects of exposed toxic mixture of bleach and detergent on the mucosa layer and lamina mucosa conjunctiva in the mice. in this stu...