PURPOSE To determine whether the fracture strengths and failure types differed between metal and zirconia frameworks veneered with pressable or layering ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A phantom molar tooth was prepared and duplicated in 40 cobalt-chromium abutments. Twenty metal (IPS d.SIGN 15, Ivoclar, Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and 20 zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar) frameworks w...

UNLABELLED Interface integrity can be maintained by setting the composite in a layering technique and using liners. OBJECTIVE The aim of this in vitro study was to verify the effect of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) lining and composite layering technique on the bond strength of the dentin/resin adhesive interface of lateral walls of occlusal restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS ...

Families of systems are prevalent in software engineering, and many techniques are available for the analysis and implementation of such families. Embedded systems families provide additional constraints on these techniques, and safety-critical systems families constrain them even further. An existing family analysis technique is combined with a layering scheme to structure the selection of var...

Three patients with nearly occluded internal carotid artery origins were evaluated with intravenous digital subtraction angiography and subsequently had successful carotid endarterectomies. The angiographic features are described. Although conventional arterial angiography offers superior spatial resolution and selectivity, the thorough mixing of blood and contrast medium that occurs with the i...

Cosmetic veneer has become a popular option for patients seeking to improve aesthetic in their smile. The procedure can be done through direct or indirect technique which differs term of material used and laboratory involvement. Despite producing better result than its counterpart, high-cost treatment, multiple visit requirement invasive nature tooth preparation are proven stumbling block the p...

Perhaps Functional Grammar’s most distinctive feature is its extensive use of the so-called layered structure of the clause (LSC). The LSC is used as both a descriptive and explanatory construct, dividing the linguistic world into various hierarchically related layers, each with concomitant operators and satellites. Since Hengeveld’s original Layers and Operators article (1989), the principle o...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the effects of filling technique, cavity configuration and use of a low-viscosity composite liner influence resin bond strength to the dentin of class II cavities gingival floor; and analyze the failure modes of fractured specimens. METHODS Standardized class II cavities were prepared in the proximal surfaces of freshly extracted...

The temperature dependence of surface-induced atomic layering in liquid gallium has been investigated with x-ray reflectivity. The prominent layering peak at qz52.4 Å 21 decreases dramatically upon heating from 22 to 170 °C, but its width stays, unexpectedly, unchanged. The decrease is traced to the temperature dependence of capillary-wave induced surface roughness. The constant width indicates...

We show how layering in communication software violates the principle of separating concerns. Examples illustrate that layering couples receiver-and sender functions, sharing message headers among layers creates dependencies between layers that largely compromise re-usability, QoS management is scattered over all layers, and layers are tightly coupled with the sub-system that executes it. Layer...