In four empirical studies, we showed that laypeople apply the ignorance of the law defense differently depending on the perceived morality of the defendant’s course of conduct at the time of the illegal act. Moral and neutral defendants who pled ignorance of the law were afforded leniency, whereas immoral defendants were sentenced as though they were not ignorant, even when defendants in all th...

Laypeople and healthcare professionals use demographic cues when making pain management decisions. These decisions can negatively affect patient outcomes. This study examined whether laypeople base their pain management decisions in part on pain-related postures and demographic cues. Virtual human (VH) technology was used to research whether sex and race, as well as body posture, influenced pai...

Situating legal mobilization within a wide-ranging conceptual framework of worker activity that goes beyond recent interest in ‘strategic litigation’ and related organizing the gig economy, this contribution explores fundamental relationship between ‘laypeople’, i.e., non-professional subjects law, labour law. Notwithstanding growing empirical law research, there remains lack clarity rigorous e...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine how aware the individuals were of their own profile and to compare the orthodontist's perception of an attractive facial profile with those of laypeople, dental students and orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised of a total of 200 subjects divided into four groups of 50 subjects each: Laypeople, first-year dental studen...

OBJECTIVES The study assessed the impact of facial height on attractiveness of smile, in association with the maxillary gingival display. This research was performed by dental professionals and laypersons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Frontal extraoral photographs were captured for both short and long faces. The photographs were modified using software for image-processing and three rater groups (or...

Court instructions and public perception endorse that eyewitness evidence provided by police should weight more heavily than laypeople's in court. Evidence is inconsistent. The current experiment provides a nuanced analysis of identification performance laypeople at different levels confidence. Laypeople advanced trainees (N = 192) viewed portrait, profile, body-only lineups for central periphe...

Background: Dermatology patients and practitioners use social media for rapid dissemination of health information. TikTok, a short-form video sharing platform, is the fastest growing network represents novel, unsupervised source medical Methods: Top dermatologic diagnoses procedures from publicly available survey data were queried as TikTok hashtags. Content first 40 videos each hashtag analyze...