Infant rats require maternal odor learning to guide pups' proximity-seeking of the mother and nursing. Maternal odor learning occurs using a simple learning circuit including robust olfactory bulb norepinephrine (NE), release from the locus ceruleus (LC), and amygdala suppression by low corticosterone (CORT). Early-life stress increases NE but also CORT, and we questioned whether early-life str...

learning is a cornerstone of intelligent behavior in animals. this behavior has been mostly studied in organisms with a fairly complex nervous system. however, recent reports of learning in unicellular organisms suggested the existence of associative learning in unicellular organisms. in particular, the capability to associate different light intensities with cathodal stimulation in paramecium ...

Hypersexual behavior is often misunderstood and minimized, and we continue to lack an understanding of what underlies this behavior. Without an understanding of the function of hypersexual behavior, we cannot ascertain the most effective treatment. This study was designed to examine the underlying function of such behavior by exploring whether insecure attachment in men relates to the developme...

The links between unresolved maternal attachment status, disrupted maternal interaction in play situations, and disorganized attachment relationships were examined in a study of 82 adolescent mother-infant dyads. Maternal interactive behavior was measured using the Atypical Maternal Behavior Instrument for Assessment and Classification coding system. Additional rating scales were developed to c...

Psychosis is a symptom of functional decline due to hallucinations, delusions, and the resulting behavior, it appears in several psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia severe mood episodes bipolar affective disorder. influenced by environmental factors, childhood stress, as well genetic predisposition. People with psychosis are known have more insecure attachments than general populatio...

This study explores the relative contribution of the overall quality of attachment to the mother, to the father and to peers (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment scales), the style of attachment towards peers (Attachment Questionnaire for Children scale), the social rank variables (submissive behavior and social comparison), and sex and age variables in predicting the depression score (Cent...