U.S. farmworkers are paid on a piecerate or timerate basis. This paper studies relationships between wage contracts, legal status, and poverty using a representative survey of employed farmworkers which includes detailed information on legal status, including whether a worker is illegal. Results indicate that while piecerate workers earn more per hour on average, they work fewer hours and face ...

The Peruvian Amazon is an important arena in global efforts to promote sustainable logging in the tropics. Despite recent efforts to achieve sustainability, such as provisions in the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, illegal logging continues to plague the region. We present evidence that Peru's legal logging concession system is enabling the widespread illegal logging via the regulatory docum...

Unlicensed, or illegal, copying of data is a problem in many areas. Despite various efforts in copy protection and copyright enforcement (both legal and technical), the problem still exists, and with the growing use of digital means of storing and distributing data the problem seems to be getting worse. Storing a unique, invisible marking in each distributed object is a possible way of dealing ...

A test input for an object-oriented program typically consists of a sequence of method calls that use the API defined by the program under test. Generating legal test inputs can be challenging because, for some programs, the set of legal method sequences is much smaller than the set of all possible sequences; without a formal specification of legal sequences, an input generator is bound to prod...

Users of e-cigarettes are unwitting volunteers participating in a worldwide epidemiological study. Because of the obvious benefits of e-cigarettes compared with traditional cigarette smoking, these electronic devices have been introduced all around the world to support tobacco smoking cessation. Same potential harm reduction could be considered by cannabis vaping for marijuana smokers. However,...