1Department of Public Health; 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Zahedan Medical Sciences University, Zahedan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Received: 08/12/02; accepted: 13/05/03 ABSTRACT We evaluated contraception continuation rates and discontinuation reasons in Zahedan among 1741 women from 1998–2000. By Kaplan–Meier technique continuation rates were 92% for low d...

BACKGROUND A novel estradiol-based combined oral contraceptive (COC) is currently available in many countries worldwide, including Europe and the US. Based on previous studies, it is expected that this estradiol-based COC will have a reduced hepatic effect compared with COCs containing ethinylestradiol with regard to proteins controlling the hemostatic balance. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study...

A plausible mechanism to explain thrombotic risk differences associated with the use of secondand third-generation oral contraceptives (OCs), particularly in carriers of factor VLeiden, is still lacking. In a double-blind trial, 51 women without and 35 women with factor VLeiden were randomized to either a second(30 g ethinylestradiol/150 g levonorgestrel) or third(30 g ethinylestradiol/150 g de...

OBJECTIVE Compare the efficacy and adverse effects of CDB-2914, a new progesterone receptor modulator, to levonorgestrel for emergency contraception. METHODS We performed a randomized, double-blinded noninferiority trial, enrolling healthy women seeking emergency contraception within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of 50 mg of ...

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of mifepristone and levonorgestrel on ovarian function and endometrial development in doses effective as emergency contraception. METHODS Twelve fertile women were treated with either 10 mg of mifepristone as a single dose (n = 6) or two doses of 0.75 mg of levonorgestrel, 12 hours apart (n = 6) before and after ovulation. An endometrial biopsy performed during t...

A plausible mechanism to explain thrombotic risk differences associated with the use of second- and third-generation oral contraceptives (OCs), particularly in carriers of factor V(Leiden), is still lacking. In a double-blind trial, 51 women without and 35 women with factor V(Leiden) were randomized to either a second- (30 microg ethinylestradiol/150 microg levonorgestrel) or third- (30 microg ...

Male hormonal contraception has been an elusive goal. Administration of sex steroids to men can shut off sperm production through effects on the pituitary and hypothalamus. However, this approach also decreases production of testosterone, so an "add-back" therapy is needed. We conducted a systematic review of all randomized controlled trials of male hormonal contraception and azoospermia. Few s...

Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) are a popular contraception method. Currently, lower-dose ethinyl estradiol formulations are most commonly prescribed, although they have been linked to increased arterial vascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate endothelial function in healthy young women using lower-dose ethinyl estradiol OCPs. We examined flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent and...

The Yuzpe method of using combined oral contraceptives for emergency contraception has been available for 25 years; prevents 75% of pregnancies that would have occurred if no treatment were used; has an excellent safety record; and is contraindicated only in patients with a history of thromboembolism, migraine at presentation, or a history of migraine with aura. However, this method has side e...

BACKGROUND Two recent studies, a cohort study from Denmark, and a case-control study from The Netherlands, have reported increased risks of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among users of oral contraceptives (OCs) containing desogestrel, gestodene, drospirenone and cyproterone, relative to the use of levonorgestrel. CRITIQUE In the Danish study the comparisons were not valid. (1) VTE risk is high...