An important epistemological lesson can be learned from the impossibility to determine the one-way velocity of light and the immediate implication that simultaneity is conventional. The vicious circle – to determine whether two distant events are simultaneous we need to know the one-way velocity of light between them, but to determine the one-way velocity of light we need to know that the two e...

The object of the study was to compare resting pupil diameter in darkness and light, and the pupillary darkness and light reflexes between a group of young and elderly healthy subjects. Twelve young (eight men, four women; median age 19.5 years) and 14 elderly subjects (six men, eight women; median age 69 years) participated. Pupil diameter was monitored with an infra-red television pupillomete...

The Poynting vector, energy density and energy velocity of light pulses propagating in anomalous dispersion medium (used in WKD-like experiments) are calculated. Results show that a negative energy density in the medium propagates along opposite of incident direction with such a velocity similar to the negative group velocity while the direction of the Poynting vector is positive. In other word...