OBJECTIVE To examine use of the paramedian forehead flap for intranasal lining. METHODS The medical records and photographs were reviewed for patients who underwent a nasal reconstruction involving a paramedian forehead flap used for internal lining. RESULTS Three patients underwent this procedure. In all patients, the flap provided excellent intranasal lining. External incisions were accep...

To prevent sympathetic detonation in a high performance magazine, barriers between stacks of munitions absorb donor fragments. Acceptor munitions may still initiate on impact of barrier debris or on being thrown into the walls of the magazine itself. These shocks can be reduced to a safe level by increasing the barrier's mass which reduces its velocity and the imparted shock. In addition a poro...

In this work, we tried to automatically optimize the cost of the concrete segmental lining used as a support system in the case study of Mashhad Urban Railway Line 2 located in NE Iran. Two meta-heuristic optimization methods including particle swarm optimization (PSO) and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) were presented. The penalty function was used for unfeasible solutions, and the seg...