We describe a low-pass filter that provides high in-band transmittance and excellent rejection at ν > 100 cm(-1). The transmittance of the filter components was measured at liquid-helium temperatures from 10 to 10,000 cm(-1). The total transmittance is >50% for ν < 50 cm(-1) and is calculated to be <10(-9) for ν > 300 cm(-1). The filter was successfully used in a liquid-helium-cooled, rocketbor...

Coulomb cluster of dust particles in an RF helium plasma under cryogenic environment is observed experimentally. Background neutral temperature is controlled by cryogenic liquid such as liquid helium or liquid nitrogen. Dust dynamics in a sheath is studied. A dust injected into a sheath moves toward an equilibrium position where the sheath electric force balances with the gravitational force. D...

When a hot body A is thermally connected to a cold body B, the textbook knowledge is that heat flows from A to B. Here, we describe the opposite case in which heat flows from a colder but constantly heated body B to a hotter but constantly cooled body A through a two-phase liquid-vapor system. Specifically, we provide experimental evidence that heat flows through liquid and vapor phases of cryo...

In 1996 Lee, Osheroff and Richardson received the Nobel Prize for their 1971 discovery of superfluid helium 3 – a discovery which opened the door to the most fascinating system known in condensed matter physics. The superfluid phases of helium 3, originating from pair condensation of helium 3 atoms, turned out to be the ideal test-system for many fundamental concepts of modern physics, such as ...

Self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) are prominent candidates for solid-state quantum information processing. For these systems, great progress has been made in addressing spin states by optical means. In this study, we introduce an all-electrical measurement technique to prepare and detect non-equilibrium many-particle spin states in an ensemble of self-assembled QDs at liquid helium temperature....

The study of quantized vortex lines has been advanced hy the technique of vortex photography. This paper prov~dex an overview of the information which has been acquired thus far from this method. Stationary cortex states are ohser\ed which are very similar to those predicted from theory. In addition types of dynamical phenomena are observed. such a\ collective oscillations and the acceleration ...

Using a functional-integral approach, we have determined the temperature below which cavitation in liquid helium is driven by thermally assisted quantum tunneling. For both helium isotopes, we have obtained the crossover temperature in the whole range of allowed negative pressures. Our results are compatible with recent experimental results on He. 64.60.Qb, 64.60.My, 67.80.Gb Typeset using REVT...

We propose the existence of a new feature in the phase diagram of liquid helium 3. Instead of being monotonic in temperature, the liquid-gas spinodal line should present a minimum at 0.4K. In analogy with cold water where this was proposed by Speedy, we explain that such a minimum is a consequence of the thermal expansion coefficient being negative down to the spinodal line. We justify this fro...

The discovery of the superfluid transition of liquid helium [1, 2] marked the first achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation in the laboratory, more than a decade after Einstein’s prediction for an ideal gas [3, 4]. Together with superconductivity, they o↵ered the first examples of macroscopic quantum phenomena and as such constituted a milestone in the history of Physics. The quest for the un...

T of the greatest physics discoveries in the first half of the 20th century were superconductivity and superfluidity. Superconductivity involves the frictionless conduction of electricity in wires, and superfluidity the frictionless flow of superfluid liquid helium through channels. Both discoveries led to the arcane phenomenon of macroscopic quantization: the manifestation of the laws of quant...