Assessments of access to healthful food frequently use GIS to measure the distance and concentration of food outlets relative to where residents live. These descriptive approaches do not account for food shopping behavior, which may vary based on the attributes of food shoppers and their activity space—places where they live, work, access resources, and socialize. Building on transportation res...

TO THE EDITOR—We read with interest the recent article by Lopman et al [1], who used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9CM) data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to document a decline in rotavirus and cause-unspecified gastroenteritis in 2008 in patients <24 years of age following widespread implementation of pediatric rotavirus vacci...

The acidic food vacuole exerts several important functions during intraerythrocytic development of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Hemoglobin taken up from the host erythrocyte is degraded in the food vacuole, and the heme liberated during this process is crystallized to inert hemozoin. Several anti-malarial drugs target food vacuolar pathways, such as hemoglobin degradation ...

OBJECTIVE To explore whether distance to and density of food outlets within the local area have an impact on individual dietary quality, controlling for the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals and their households. METHODS An analysis of the Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition in Ireland (SLÁN), a two-stage clustered sample of 10,364 individuals aged 18+ from the Republic of...

The main international measure to achieve food security is based on the first United Nations Millennium Development Goals (eradicate hunger and poverty) [2], concurrent with the human right to proper food. It is estimated that one billion people in the world do not have access to sufficient food to meet basic nutritional needs or that they live in a situation of continuous hunger, a situation t...