results the results reveal that pq can decrease mitochondrial viability, deplete gsh content, increase mitochondrial ros formation, and enhance lpo and mitochondrial membrane damage. the pretreatment of mitochondria with ng has the ability to reduce the toxic effects of pq in isolated mitochondria. background paraquat (pq) is a dipyridyl herbicide that sustains damage due to redox cycling. an i...

Viable constitutive and tamoxifen inducible liver-specific RNase H1 knockout mice that expressed no RNase H1 activity in hepatocytes showed increased R-loop levels and reduced mitochondrial encoded DNA and mRNA levels, suggesting impaired mitochondrial R-loop processing, transcription and mitochondrial DNA replication. These changes resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction with marked changes in m...

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the molecular basis for mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mitochondrial matrix and membrane fractions were generated from liver, brain, heart, and kidney of wild-type and type 1 diabetic Akita mice. Comparative proteomics was performed using label-free proteome expression analy...

Fatty liver is the most common type of liver disease, affecting nearly one third of the US population and more than half a billion people worldwide. Abnormalities in ER calcium handling and mitochondrial function each have been implicated in abnormal lipid droplet formation. Here we show that the type 1 isoform of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R1) specifically links ER calcium...

The present study investigated the effect of 2 weeks of energy restriction on whole body, liver and skeletal muscle energy handling. We measured whole-body oxygen consumption, as well as mitochondrial protein mass, respiratory capacity and energetic coupling in liver and skeletal muscle from food-restricted (FR) rats, age- and weight-matched controls. We also assessed markers of oxidative damag...

Reversible infantile liver failure (RILF) is a unique heritable liver disease characterized by acute liver failure followed by spontaneous recovery at an early stage of life. Genetic mutations in MTU1 have been identified in RILF patients. MTU1 is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the 2-thiolation of 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine (τm5s2U) found in the anticodon of a subset of mitochondrial ...

Alcoholic liver disease claims two million lives per year. We previously reported that autophagy protected against alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis by removing damaged mitochondria. However, the mechanisms for removal of these mitochondria are unknown. Parkin is an evolutionarily conserved E3 ligase that is recruited to damaged mitochondria to initiate ubiquitination of mitochondrial ...

Liver mitochondria undergo dynamic alterations following chronic alcohol feeding to mice. Intragastric alcohol feeding to mice resulted in 1) increased state III respiration (109% compared with control) in isolated liver mitochondria, probably due to increased levels of complexes I, IV, and V being incorporated into the respiratory chain; 2) increased mitochondrial NAD(+) and NADH levels (∼2-fo...

Acetyl-CoA synthetase (AceCS), which catalyzes the activation of acetate to produce acetyl-CoA, was found to have a much greater Km value for acetate in liver mitochondria than that in the heart mitochondria of rats, indicating that two different types of AceCS are located in the liver and heart mitochodria. Recently, Fujino et al. reported that mouse heart mitochondrial AceCS, designated AceCS...

All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A. The liver is the main storage organ of vitamin A, but activation of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in mouse liver and in human liver cell lines has also been shown. AlthoughatRA treatment improves mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle in rodents, its role in modulating mitochondrial function in the liver is controvers...