Four cases of cauda equina syndrome occurring after continuous spinal anesthesia are reported. In all four cases, there was evidence of a focal sensory block and, to achieve adequate analgesia, a dose of local anesthetic was given that was greater than that usually administered with a single-injection technique. We postulate that the combination of maldistribution and a relatively high dose of ...

To measure the depth of the local anesthetic binding site within the neuronal membrane, biotin-containing polyethylene glycols having zero, three, and six ethylene glycol subunits were added to the p-amino termini of tetracaine and procaine, thereby interposing a pharmacologically inert "spacer" molecule between the local anesthetic and the biotin moiety. These biotinyl-local anesthetic derivat...

Background. The general toxic effects of local anesthetics on vital organs are the most severe side regional blockades. purpose was to study effectiveness and safety combined solutions in brachial plexus block. Materials methods. Forty-nine patients were divided into 2 groups. first group (controls) consisted 24 individuals who received a solution 0.5% bupivacaine 36 ml (180 mg) with adrenaline...

the purpose of the present article is to carry out a review of the literature on two local anesthetic agents, which are the most commonly used drugs in dental procedures. it would provide a clear concept about the local anesthetics, their dosages and exact usage in dental surgeries.

It is impossible to provide effective dental care without the use of local anesthetics. This drug class has an impressive history of safety and efficacy, but all local anesthetics have the potential to produce significant toxicity if used carelessly. The purpose of this review is to update the practitioner on issues regarding the basic pharmacology and clinical use of local anesthetic formulati...