DIRECT SKIN COOLING CAUSES a vasoconstriction partly dependent on 2-adrenergic function. In in vitro studies, this is a manifestation of reactive oxygen species stimulating Rho and Rho kinase to cause translocation of 2C-receptors from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. In this issue of American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, ThompsonTorgerson et al. (24) show the Rho-Rh...

Natural convection between vertical parallel plates occurs frequently in applications such as solar collectors and cooling of electronic instruments. The problem is a two dimensional developing buoyant flow. In this work, the two dimensional conservation equations are solved numerically for constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux. The results for the local Nusselt number at the du...

Natural convection between vertical parallel plates occurs frequently in applications such as solar collectors and cooling of electronic instruments. The problem is a two dimensional developing buoyant flow. In this work, the two dimensional conservation equations are solved numerically for constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux. The results for the local Nusselt number at the du...

Little is known about the effects of surface water over land on the decay of landfalling hurricanes. This study, using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory hurricane model, examines the surface temperature changes due to hurricane–land surface water interactions, and their effects on the surface heat fluxes, hurricane structure, and intensity...

It has already been shown, using a local model, that accretion discs with cooling times t cool ≤ 3Ω −1 fragment into gravitationally bound objects, while those with cooling times t cool > 3Ω −1 evolve into a quasi-steady state. We present results of three-dimensional simulations that test if the local result still holds globally. We find that the fragmentation boundary is close to that determin...

A method to obtain the local heat transfer coefficients of carbon dioxide at supercritical pressures in vertical multi-port mini-channels and in a vertical small tube under cooling conditions was presented through the combination of experiments and numerical simulation in this paper. The CFD code FLUENT 6.1 was used to simulate the convection heat transfer of cooling water to determine the loca...

Insulation reduces heat exchange between a body and the environment. Glabrous (nonhairy) skin surfaces (palms of the hands, soles of the feet, face, and ears) constitute a small percentage of total body surface area but contain specialized vascular structures that facilitate heat loss. We have previously reported that cooling the glabrous skin surfaces is effective in alleviating heat stress an...

Purpose: local therapeutic cooling to soft tissue is known to sometimes cause necrosis and neuropathy via cold-induced ischemia. The purpose of this study is to quantify the occurrence and persistence of cold-induced ischemia associated with cryotherapy. Methods: Fda approved or exempt cryotherapy devices were applied for localized cooling on human subjects via recommended user protocols. Subje...

The level of skin blood flow is subject to both reflex thermoregulatory control and influences from the direct effects of warming and cooling the skin. The effects of local changes in temperature are capable of maximally vasoconstricting or vasodilating the skin. They are brought about by a combination of mechanisms involving endothelial, adrenergic, and sensory systems. Local warming initiates...