In flood management it is important to reliably estimate the discharge in a river. Hydrologists use historic data to establish a rating curve – a relationship between the water level (stage) and discharge. ANN and M5 model trees were used to reconstruct this relationship on an example of an Indian river. The predictive accuracy of these machine learning methods models was found to be superior t...

ABSTRACT Maximum flows are often estimated from flood frequency analysis, by means of the statistical fitting a theoretical probability distribution to maximum annual flow data. However, because limitations imposed practice at-site measurement, empirical models applied as rating curve for estimating streamflow. These curves approximations actual and incorporate different sources uncertainty, es...

The Piano Key weir (PKW) is a hydraulically attractive alternative to linear overflow weirs, increasing the unit discharge for similar heads and spillway widths. This advantage allows operating dam reservoirs on an increased level and provides thereby an enhanced retention volume. It is a result of the non-linear nature of PKWs being folded back and forth to make repeating cycles or keys. As PK...