Compartmentalization within cells provides spatial organization of signaling pathways and ensures the specificity of signaling. In vertebrates, the primary cilium, a tiny microtubule-based protrusion present on most cells, is essential for organizing events during Hedgehog signal transduction. When cells are stimulated with Hedgehog ligands, proteins in the pathway move in and out of the cilia....

Descriptors calculated from molecular structures have been used to map different areas of chemical space. A number of applications for such maps can be identified, ranging from the fine-tuning and optimisation of catalytic activity and compound properties to virtual screening of novel compounds, as well as the exhaustive exploration of large areas of chemical space by automated combinatorial bu...

The exploration of interstellar space will require autonomous navigation systems that do not rely on tracking from the Earth. Here I develop a method to determine 3D position and velocity spacecraft in deep using star catalog. As moves away Sun, observed positions velocities stars change relative those Earth-based catalog due parallax aberration. By measuring just angular distances between pair...

In this paper, we show that for an almost locally separable metrizable space X, if its Wijsman hyperspace induced by one compatible metric is Baire, then X itself must be Baire. We also provide an example to demonstrate the necessity of separability.

Although handwriting is a daily life activity commonly attributed to the left hemisphere in the majority of right-handers, it is also known to require attentional and spatial mechanisms that rely on right hemispheric processing. The underlying spatial organization of handwriting in patients with right brain damage remains unresolved. Here we show in a patient with circumscribed right superior p...