This paper is concerned with the economical comparison between two commonly used configurations for double layer grids and determining their optimum span-depth ratio. Two ranges of spans as small and big sizes with certain bays of equal length in two directions and various types of element grouping are considered for each type of square grids. In order to carry out a precise comparison between ...

The oil and gas industry has moved towards Load and Resistance Factor Design through API RP2A LRFD and the recently published international standard, ISO-19902, for design of fixed steel offshore structures. The ISO 19902 is intended to provide a harmonized design practice that offers a balanced structural fitness for the purpose, economy and safety. As part of an ongoing work, the reliability ...

Belitic calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA) cement is a sustainable alternative to Portland that offers rapid setting characteristics could accelerate throughput in precast concrete operations. BCSA cements have lower carbon footprint, embodied energy, and natural resource consumption than cement. However, these benefits are not often utilized structural members due lack of specifications perceived l...

The National Bridge Inventory (NBI) includes more than 600,000 bridges within the United States of Prestressed concrete girder bridges represent one of the most widely used bridge systems. The majority of these girder bridges were constructed using 0.5 and 0.6 inch diameter strands. The main impediments to using larger strand diameters are: 1) bed capacities, 2) lack of structural knowledge reg...

A program for engineering wood bridges is described. The program performs the analysis, design, and/or rating of wood bridge superstructures in accordance with the 15th Edition of the AASHTO Specification or the AASHTO-LRFD Specification. Bridges may be analyzed for design review and/or rating. In review/rating mode, the superstructure is analyzed and checked against all applicable specificatio...