An impedance-transforming lumped-element (LE) two-branch 90 coupler is discussed in this paper. The LE coupler discussed here can be derived from a branch-line coupler consisting of one-quarter or three-quarters wavelength transmission-lines (that is, case of type C) and classified into five groups. Normally, the LE coupler needs 8 circuit elements. However, the existence of reduced LE couplers...

Computer models of the musculoskeletal system frequently represent the force-length behavior of muscle with a lumped-parameter model. Lumped-parameter models use simple geometric shapes to characterize the arrangement of muscle fibers and tendon; this may inaccurately represent changes in fiber length and the resulting force-length behavior, especially for muscles with complex architecture. The...

This paper describes a new generation of cage-type ac/dc current shunts from 30 mA up to 10 A developed using a lumped circuit element model. Comparison of the calculated and measured values shows agreement better than 6 Ω/Ω in the ac-dc difference at frequencies up to 100 kHz.

The results of integrity narrowband and wideband lumped element circulators design methodology to the computer aided system microwave devices AWR Microwave Office are presented in article. calculation method narrow band circuits which consist serious shunt tuning capacities is investigated. simple visual ferrite isolators optimize based on circulation impedance described here. ultra circulator ...

Inductors represent a very complex behavior especially in the field of RF techniques. Some manufacturers offer SPICE models for their inductors built up by lumped elements. The lumped element values are determined by matching the simulation model to an average of the measurements. This leads to curious numbers, and if the model is used in a simulation tool, all these values have to be adjusted ...

The mKP equation with self-consistent sources (mKPESCS) is treated in the framework of the constrained mKP hierarchy. We introduce a new constrained mKP hierarchy which may be viewed as the stationary hierarchy of the mKP hierarchy with self-consistent sources. This offers a natural way to obtain the Lax representation for the mKPESCS. Based on the conjugate Lax pairs, we construct the generali...

Laboratory experiments are used to study the voluntary provision of a pure public good in the presence of an anonymous external donor. The external funds are used in two different settings, lump-sum matching and one-to-one matching, to examine how allocations to the public good are affected. The experimental results reveal that allocations to the public good under lumpsum matching are significa...

Using the standard real business cycle model with lump-sum taxes, we analyze the impact of fiscal policy when agents form expectations using adaptive learning rather than rational expectations (RE). The output multipliers for government purchases are significantly higher under learning, and fall within empirical bounds reported in the literature (in sharp contrast to the implausibly low values ...