The recent literature about peer review of scholarly articles is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the cost of the peer-review process. Possible impacts of electronic scholarly publishing upon peer reviewing are discussed. Opinion amongst academics in their roles as authors, editors and referees seems likely to insist upon preservation of a prepublication refereeing system in most disciplin...

Social Incentives Matter: Evidence from an Online Real Effort Experiment Contributing to a social cause can be an important driver for workers in the public and nonprofit sector as well as in firms that engage in Corporate Social Responsibility activities. This paper compares the effectiveness of social incentives to financial incentives using an online real effort experiment. We find that soci...

Article history: Received 31 March 2015 Received in revised form 18 June 2015 Accepted 30 June 2015 Available online 2 July 2015 Communicated by R. Wu

Contests are a common method to describe the distribution of many di¤erent types of rents. Yet in many of these situations the utilisation of the prize plays an important role in determining agents’payo¤s and incentives. In this paper, we investigate the incentives to expend e¤ort for a prize that produces consumption externalities and consider alternative regulatory policies. We …nd relatively...

Electrical analogy (Lumped method) is an easy way to model human cardiovascular system. In this paper Lumped method is used for simulating a complete model. It describes a 36-vessel model and cardiac system of human body with details that could show hydrodynamic parameters of cardiovascular system. Also this paper includes modeling of pulmonary, atrium, left and right ventricles with their equi...

Many markets involve two groups of agents who interact via “platforms,” where one group’s benefit from joining a platform depends on the size of the other group that joins the platform. I present three models of such markets: a monopoly platform; a model of competing platforms where agents join a single platform; and a model of “competitive bottlenecks” where one group joins all platforms. The ...

We consider a chain of feed-forward connected recurrent networks of leaky-integrate-andre neurons with membrane potential bistability. It is shown that lump neural activation, lasting for several seconds at each recurrent network, is gradually relayed along the chain. The time scale of the lump activation and its propagation along the chain agrees with that characterizing mental process. These ...