We discuss various issues concerning the behaviors near the boundary (σ = 0, π) and the midpoint (σ = π/2) of the open string coordinate X(σ) and its conjugate momentum P (σ) = −iδ/δX(σ) acting on the matter projectors of vacuum string field theory. Our original interest is in the dynamical change of the boundary conditions of the open string coordinate from the Neumann one in the translational...

We analyse the fi nancial performance of small German hospitals based on balance sheet data of about 1,000 hospitals in 2007. Measures of fi nancial performance are the earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation (EBITDA) and the probability of default (PD). We fi nd that, on average, small hospitals have more fi nancial diffi culties than large ones. However, there is conside...

In the talk we will address the problem of finding an optimal dividend policy for a class of jumpdiffusion processes. The jump component is a compound Poisson process with negative jumps, and the drift and diffusion components are assumed to satisfy some regularity and growth restrictions. With each dividend payment there is associated a fixed and a proportional cost. The aim is to maximize exp...

In this paper, the existing lumped circuit model for Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) structure embedded in Lightly-doped silicon substrate is reviewed and improved. A new lumped circuit model for TSV structure in heavily-doped silicon substrate is proposed. The underlying physics associated with the proposed lumped elements in the circuit topology is discussed and their values are found by data fitti...

We analyse the fi nancial performance of small German hospitals based on balance sheet data of about 1,000 hospitals in 2007. Measures of fi nancial performance are the earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation (EBITDA) and the probability of default (PD). We fi nd that, on average, small hospitals have more fi nancial diffi culties than large ones. However, there is conside...

* We are grateful to the many members of the MIT and Harvard economics communities who have generously provided us with insightful conversations, comments on an earlier draft of this paper and practical support. We are particularly indebted to

We analyze the investment decision of a firm that has an option to complete an investment project either in one lump or in two smaller parts at distinct points in time. The firm faces a trade-off between the cost savings that arise when the project is completed at once and the additional flexibility that arises when the firm is able to respond to resolving uncertainty by choosing optimal timing...

Hysteresis loop curves are highly important for numerical simulations of materials deformation under cyclic loadings. The models mainly take account of only the tensile half of the stabilized cycle in hysteresis loop for identification of the constants which don’t vary with accumulation of plastic strain and strain range of the hysteresis loop. This approach may be quite erroneous particularly ...