Signal transduction via phospholipids is mediated by phospholipases such as phospholipase C (PLC) and D (PLD), which catalyze hydrolysis of plasma membrane structural phospholipids. Phospholipid signaling is also involved in plant responses to phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). The relationships between phospholipid signaling, SA, and secondary metabolism are not fully understood. Using...

Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid natural products in tobacco was perturbed by introduction of a heterologous (bean) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL; L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, EC 4.3.1.5) gene, modified by inclusion of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S enhancer sequences in its promoter. These transgenic plants can exhibit a series of unusual phenotypes including localized fluorescent lesions, a...

The oscillations in phenylalanine aunnnia-lyase activity from Spirodels pelyrhiza and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activities from Lemnas perpusilam disayed a circadian rhythm under continuous lght. Rhythmiclty in enzymic activity could not be detected in continuous darkness since under this condition phenylalanine ammonialyase activity remains at a fairly constantly l...

Mature soybean (Glycine max L. cv Harosoy 63) leaves normally contain kaempferol-3-glycosides but they accumulate no other flavonoids. Whole leaves sprayed with the diphenyl ether herbicide Acifluorfen and maintained in the light developed small necrotic lesions and accumulated isoflavone aglycones, isoflavone glucosides, and pterocarpans. Isoflavonoid accumulation was preceded by induced activ...

Phenylketonuria (PKU), with its associated hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and mental retardation, is a classic genetic disease and the first to have an identified chemical cause of impaired cognitive development. Treatment from birth with a low phenylalanine diet largely prevents the deviant cognitive phenotype by ameliorating HPA and is recognized as one of the first effective treatments of a gen...

In recent years, the application of natural substances on crops has been intensified in order to increase the resistance and yield of the soybean crop. Among these products are included plant biostimulants that may contain algae extracts, amino acids, and plant regulators in their composition. However, there is little information on the isolated effect of each of these constituents. The objecti...

Trans-cinnamic acid and p-coumaric are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of flavonoids widely employed food, flavor pharmaceutical industries. These products can be produced by deamination L-phenylalanine L-tyrosine catalyzed phenylalanine ammonia lyase or tyrosine lyase. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) from Rhodotorula glutinis do not exhibit strong substrate specificity co...

Plant growth and activity of peroxidases (POX) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were investigated in seedlings of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) treated with copper (25 mg/l) and an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis (CoCl 2 ). Both lupine and soybean plants stressed with an excess of copper exhibited a decrease in root length and fresh weight. In lupine pla...

Lignin is one of the major characteristics of plant secondary cell wall that provides structural rigidity for the cells and tissues and hydrophobicity to tracheary elements. Internode tissues of Aeluropus littoralis as a halophyte grass were sampled at different developmental stages (from the first to the fifth internodes ) and under different NaCl concentrations. The influences of NaCl and int...

In this study it was aimed to investigate inducibility of secondary metabolism in Astragalus chrysochlorus by yeast extract which is known to cause the synthesis of defensive phenolic metabolites. Cell suspension cultures of Astragalus chrysochlorus responded to elicitor treatment (10 gl(-1) yeast extract) by increasing phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL E.C. 4.3.1.5) activity the key enzyme of p...