Distinct phenotypes of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation are emerging with lymphocytic bronchiolitis (LB)/azithromycin reversible allograft dysfunction (ARAD), classical or fibrotic bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), and restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS) proposed as separate entities. We have additionally identified lung transplant recipients with pri...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between surfactant protein B (SFTPB) C1580T polymorphism and acute bronchiolitis.
 Materials Methods: analyzed the allele frequency genotype distribution for SFTPB using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length (PCR-RFLP) technique in 103 bronchiolitis infants 102 healthy infants.
 Results: ...

Until recently, little attention has been given to chronic lung disease (CLD) in HIV-infected children. As the HIV epidemic matures in sub-Saharan Africa, adolescents who acquired HIV by vertical transmission are presenting to health services with chronic diseases. The most common is CLD, which is often debilitating. This review summarizes the limited data available on the epidemiology, pathoph...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to illustrate the spectrum of pathologic and high-resolution CT features of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). CONCLUSION High-resolution CT plays an important role in the diagnosis of HP. A confident diagnosis of subacute HP is based on the presence of ground-glass opacities, poorly defined centrilobular nodules, and mosaic attenuation on inspiratory ...

Cystic lung disease (CLD) is a group of lung disorders characterized by the presence of multiple cysts, defined as air-filled lucencies or low-attenuating areas, bordered by a thin wall (usually < 2 mm). The recognition of CLDs has increased with the widespread use of computed tomography. This article addresses the mechanisms of cyst formation and the diagnostic approaches to CLDs. A number of ...

There are multiple drivers of leukocyte recruitment in lung allografts that contribute to lymphocytic bronchitis (LB) and bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). The innate mechanisms driving (or inhibiting) leukocyte trafficking to allografts remain incompletely understood. This study tested the hypothesis that CD73 (ecto-5'nucleotidase), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of AMP to adenosine, is ...

Chronic airway rejection, characterized by lymphocytic bronchitis, epithelial cell damage, and obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), limits long-term survival after lung transplantation. The transcription factor early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) induces diverse inflammatory mediators, some involved in OB pathogenesis. An orthotopic mouse tracheal transplant model was used to determine whether Egr...

Epithelial injury is often detected in lung allografts, however, its relation to rejection pathogenesis is unknown. We hypothesized that sterile epithelial injury can lead to alloimmune activation in the lung. We performed adoptive transfer of mismatched splenocytes into recombinant activating gene 1 (Rag1)-deficient mice to induce an alloimmune status and then exposed these mice to naphthalene...

Background: Bronchiolitis is an acute viral respiratory illness that affects children younger than 24 months of age, with severe disease more common among infants from 1–3 months. The aim the research was to investigate correlation between diaphragmatic ultrasound parameters, clinical scoring bronchiolitis evaluate their role in assessment severity and findings patients bronchiolitis.&#x0D; Met...

INTRODUCTION Determination of lung function in children younger than three years with bronchiolitis may aid in treatment; however, technical difficulties such as requirement of sedation and lack in standardization limit clinical use. OBJECTIVES Aim of this study was to evaluate lung function changes using the interrupter technique in unsedated wheezing children younger than 3 years during and...