AIM To elucidate the potential role of autophagy and the protective effects of Jiang Zhi Granule (JZG) in metabolic stress-induced hepatocyte injury. METHODS An in vitro and in vivo approach was used in this study. HepG2 cells were incubated in culture medium containing palmitate (PA; 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mmol/L) and treated with or without JZG (100 μg/mL) for 24 h or 48 h, and the pr...

     Dacarbazine (DTIC) is a synthetic chemical antitumor agent which is used to treat malignant melanoma and Hodgkin’s disease. DTIC is a prodrug which is converted to an active form undergoing demethylation by liver enzymes. The active form prevents the progress of disease via alkylation of DNA strand. In the structure of this drug, the imidazole ring, a triazen chain and carboxamide group ex...

statins have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that are not directly related to their cholesterol-lowering activity. this study aimed to investigate the effect of simvastatin on the extent of tissue damage in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. simvastatin was orally given to rats in different doses (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg), 1 h prior to cisplatin injection (5 mg/kg, i.p.). all animals were dec...

background: prepubertal varicocele has the most devastating effects on the testes. oxidative stress is the major cause leading to infertility in varicocele. the antioxidant properties of flaxseed (fs) treatment in some oxidative diseases have been reported. objective: this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of fs in prepubertal rats with experimental varicocele. materials and method...

introduction: acrylamide (acr) known as a neurotoxic agent in human and animals. previous studies have been shown; fasudil improves neurological deficit and neuronal damage. in this study, the effect of fasudil, potent rho-kinase inhibitor, on acr-induced cytotoxicity was evaluated using pc12 cells as a suitable in vitro model. materials and methods: pc12 cells were exposed to different concent...

conclusions hemodialysis exacerbates oxidative stress and conformational changes of hb in patients with diabetes on hemodialysis. the frap value can be used as a positive determinant, while pco and hb derivatives can be used as negative determinants of oxidative stress in patients with diabetes. background diabetes is associated with an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ros), whi...

objective: hexavalent chromium [cr (vi)] compounds are well-known environmental contaminants  generated from industrial processes. several studies have reported the harmful effects of cr (vi) on different organs, however, little is known about neurotoxic effects of cr (vi). the aim of this study is to investigate the toxic effects of cr (vi) on pc12 cells. methods: pc12 cells were cultured foll...

Emerging line research showed that silk nanoparticles (NPs) have toxicity on the fibroblastand Huvec cells without any toxicity recognized mechanisms. Recently, it suggested peripheralarterial disease confounds almost eight million Americans. Also, due to the main effect offibroblast in a production of extracellular matrix (ECM), adhesive molecules, glycoproteinsand various cytokines, it decide...

Increasing evidence suggests the toxicity of intracellular amyloid β-protein (Aβ) to neurons, as well as the involvement of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease (AD). Here we show that normobaric hyperoxia (exposure of cells to 40% oxygen for five days), and consequent activation of macroautophagy and accumulation of Aβ within lysosomes, induced apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastom...

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of chronic oxidative stress on lysosomal function in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS Confluent cultures of porcine TM cells were grown for 2 weeks in physiological (5% O(2)) or hyperoxic conditions (40% O(2)) in the presence or absence of the protease inhibitor leupeptin (10 microM). The following parameters were quantified using the fluorogenic prob...