The present study was aimed to construct a fusion plasmid harboring the extracellular domain of the influenza A M2-protein (M2e), which was fused to the N-terminus of the truncated HSP70 (HSP70359–610) molecule as a new approach for future vaccine research against influenza A. The amplified fragments, M2e and HSP70359-610 genes, were gel-purified. The products were then single digested with Bam...

UNLABELLED Influenza vaccines aimed at inducing antibody (Ab) responses against viral surface hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) provide sterile immunity to infection with the same subtypes. Vaccines targeting viral conserved determinants shared by the influenza A viruses (IAV) offer heterosubtypic immunity (HSI), a broad protection against different subtypes. We proposed that vaccines t...

The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) is highly conserved among influenza A viruses and can be a promising candidate antigen for a broadly cross-protective vaccine. In this study, a tetrameric M2e (tM2e) and a truncated form of flagellin (tFliC) were coincorporated into virus-like particles (VLPs) to enhance its immunogenicity. Our data showed that the majority of M2e in VLPs was presented a...

We documented earlier that Mw (heat-killed suspension of Mycobacterium indicus pranii) adjuvant when used with conserved antigens, nucleoprotein (NP), and ectodomain of matrix (M2) protein (M2e) provided complete protection against homologous (clade 2.2) virus challenge in mice. The present study extends these observations to inter-clade challenge (clade 2.3.2.1) H5N1 virus and attempts to unde...

Abstract The development of a universal influenza vaccine to protect against variants will be the priority goal in combating virus infection. In this study, we exploited novel type protein nanoparticles consisting NP as core and NA1-M2e or NA2-M2e fusion proteins coating antigens by using an SDAD heterobifunctional crosslinker. Intramuscular immunization NP/NA-M2e (core/shell) induced increased...

background: the use of igys in a variety of methods in different areas of research, diagnostics, medical application and biotechnology should be considered widely. objectives: development of antibodies against extra cellular domain of influenza m2 (m2e) protein in egg yolk of laying hens. methods: a fusion construct harboring c-terminal of bovine heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and influenza m2e ...

We evaluate the QoS of a number of VoIP endpoints, in terms of mouth-to-ear (M2E) delay, clock skew, silence suppression behavior and robustness to packet loss. Our results show that the M2E delay depends mainly on the receiving endpoint. Hardware IP phones, when acting as receivers, usually achieve a low average M2E delay (45-90 ms) under low jitter conditions. Software clients achieve an aver...

BACKGROUND The 23-amino acid extracellular domain of matrix 2 protein (M2e) and the internal nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza are highly conserved among viruses and thus are promising candidate antigens for the development of a universal influenza vaccine. Various M2e- or NP-based DNA or viral vector vaccines have been shown to have high immunogenicity; however, high cost, complicated immunizati...

Current influenza virus vaccines are based on strain-specific surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) antigens and effective only when the predicted vaccine strains and circulating viruses are well-matched. The current strategy of influenza vaccination does not prevent the pandemic outbreaks and protection efficacy is reduced or ineffective if mutant strains emerge. It is of high priority to de...

BACKGROUND Currently controversy exists about the immunogenicity of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in certain populations, especially the elderly. STF2.4×M2e (VAX102) is a recombinant fusion protein that links four copies of the ectodomain of influenza virus matrix protein 2 (M2e) antigen to Salmonella typhimurium flagellin, a TLR5 ligand. The objectives of this study were to assess the f...