background: hydatidosis it is a zoonotic disease which is caused by the larval stages of different species of the tapeworms (cestoda) of genus echinococcus. currently, the surgery is most definitive method of treatment for hydatid cyst, but always there is the risk of leakage or rupture during the surgery, therefore it is considered unreliable method. methods: protoscoleces of hydatid cysts wer...

Objective: Magnetic fluid hyperthermia is a technique in which thermal energy is generated by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that are excited by an alternating magnetic field (AC field). During hyperthermia, in-vivo monitoring of elevation of temperature relies on invasive insertion of conventional thermometers, or employment of thermo-sensitive cameras that lack high precision....

Gas holdup and bubble size are important parameters for simulation and designing in bubble column reactors. Because based on these parameters, the available gas-liquid interfacial area is defined for mass transfer. In this paper, the results of applying magnetic fields on the velocity field and volume fraction of gas holdup are reported. Hydrodynamics of the bubble column in the reactors is inv...

In the physical field, several simulation methods for magnetic fluids had been proposed to analyze magnetic fluids' behavior. However, from their results, we estimate that it is difficult to simulate the spike shapes using only fully physically-based methods. Therefore in our previous work, we proposed the method which synthesizes the spike shapes by employing the procedural approach for visual...

Magnetic refrigeration is acknowledged as a potential substitute for the conventional vapor-compression technology, owing to its high efficiency and environmental friendliness. Existing magnetic systems are mostly based on permanent magnets, characteristics of lower field intensity, non-uniform distribution, operating frequency due moving parts, which results in low cooling capacity small tempe...

PURPOSE Monte Carlo (MC) simulation can be used for accurate electron beam treatment planning and modeling. Measurement of large electron fields, with the applicator removed and secondary collimator wide open, has been shown to provide accurate simulation parameters, including asymmetry in the measured dose, for the full range of clinical field sizes and patient positions. Recently, disassembly...