The number of anaesthetists who are involved in magnetic resonance (MR) units is increasing. Magnetic resonance systems are becoming more powerful and interventional procedures are now possible. This paper updates information relating to safety terminology, occupational exposure, reactions to gadolinium-based contrast agents and the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Magnetic resonance exam...

Y. He, Z. Zhang, Q. Dai, W. Yu, B. Lu, Z. Fan, J. An, L. Jin, G. Li, W. Rehwald, R. Jerecic, and D. Li department of radiology, An zhen hospital, Beijing, China, People's Republic of, Siemens Mindit Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthcare, MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Limited China, Siemens Healthcare, MR Collaboration NE Asia, Siemens Mindit Magnetic Resonance Ltd, Siemens Healthcare USA, ...

This paper is a short review on parallel Magnetic Resonance Imaging techniques: SMASH, PILS, SENSE and GRAPPA. We prefered to start with the basics. Therefore, we first introduce the Magnetic Resonance (MR) principle and the MR simplest experiments. Second, we focus on the techniques of gradient fields used to construct 2D or 3D images. Finally we give a review of the most important reconstruct...

PURPOSE Breast magnetic resonance imaging is highly sensitive but not very specific for the detection of breast cancer. Opportunities exist to supplement the image acquisition with a more specific modality provided the technical challenges of meeting space limitations inside the bore, restricted breast access, and electromagnetic compatibility requirements can be overcome. Magnetic resonance (M...

Cochlear nerve (CN) aplasia refers to the absence of a visible CN on oblique sagittal magnetic resonance images of the lateral aspect of the inner auditory canal (IAC). Magnetic resonance (MR) is the preferred technique in patients with sensorineural hearing loss and/or vertigo; however, computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate the IAC or facial nerve canal. Three types of aplasia or hypopl...

Intracranial epidermoid cysts are generally located in the cerebellopontine and parasellar areas and appear hypo-dense on computed tomography and hypo-intense on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We report a case of an unusual epidermoid cyst of the cerebellopontine angle extending into the upper cervical canal that appeared hyper-dense on computed tomography scanning, hyper-intense on T1...

Magnetic resonance (MR) acoustic scanner noise may negatively affect the performance of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a problem that worsens at the higher field strengths proposed to enhance fMRI. We present an overview of the current knowledge on the effects of confounding acoustic MR noise in fMRI experiments. The principles and effectiveness of various methods to reduce acous...

In Medical Diagnostic, Magnetic Resonance Images play a major role. Magnetic Resonance images are normally corrupted by random noise from the measurement process complicating the automatic feature extraction and analysis of clinical data. Because of this reason noise removal methods have been customarily applied to improve MR image quality. This work proposed a new scheme based on applying a se...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has progressed over 30 years from being a technique with great potential to one that has become the primary diagnostic investigation for many clinical problems. Its application was initially limited to the neuro-axis, now covers all regions of the body and an increased knowledge base has provided a better understanding of how it can best be utilized, either alon...

The exploration of novel imaging methods that have the potential to improve specificity for the identification of malignancy is still critically needed in breast imaging. Changes in physiologic alterations of soft tissue water associated with breast cancer can be visualized by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, it is unlikely that a single MR parameter can characterize the complexity of ...