abstract although lateral drains play the main role in removal of excess water from soil profile in subsurface drainage systems, but it is assumed that perforated collectors can directly remove a part of drainwater from soils. this part of discharge in subsurface drains is not usually taken into consideration in drainage design criteria, due to lack required information and its difficult estima...

BACKGROUND Many case series studies have reported risk factors of infection with anaerobic bacteria, but few factor analysis studies have been conducted. OBJECTIVE We conducted a case-control study to identify the risk factors of anaerobic bacteremia. METHODS We compared a number of characteristics of patients with anaerobic bacteremia with those with aerobic bacteremia. Clinical informatio...

The flow patterns in a street are investigated the case of exchanges with sewer. experimental facility includes one and circular pipe located below eventually connected by or two drains. Compared to runs without drain drainage, overflow creates strong (up 50%) increase streamwise velocity street, particularly, near bottom, high degree turbulence close drains downstream. For from drain, rearrang...

Background:Despite numerous reports that it is not necessary to use drains after thyroidectomy, the drains are still used routinely. The study aim to compare thyroid surgery complications with and without drains appliance. Materials and methods: A prospective study was conducted, 66 patients who were candidate for thyroid surgery (totalsubtotal thyroidectomy and thyroid lobectomy) divided into ...

BACKGROUND The aim of gynecomastia surgery is to restore a normal chest contour with minimal signs of breast surgery. OBJECTIVE The authors examine the rate of complications in gynecomastia surgery when no closed-suction drains are placed. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight consecutive male patients who underwent gynecomastia surgery without drains were retrospectively analyzed to determine w...

With the increasing use ofprefabricated vertical drains in the improvement of soft clay there are many types of these drains, both composite (with geotextile wrapping) and monolithic (without geotextile wrapping), available in Malaysia. Some engineers have the impression that all drains perform satisfactorily. However, case studies have shown that there are cases where vertical drains failed to...

Macropore flow results in the rapid movement of pesticides to subsurface drains, which may be caused in part by a small portion of macropores directly connected to drains. However, current models fail to account for this direct connection. This research investigated the interrelationship between macropore flow and subsurface drainage on conservative solute and pesticide transport using the Root...

BACKGROUND Abdominal drains have been placed prophylactically and removed in liver resection without robust evidence. The present study was designed to establish the optimal time for removal of such drains. METHODS Data on abdominal prophylactic drains were analysed in a consecutive series of patients who underwent liver resection for malignancy between 2006 and 2009. Bilirubin levels in drai...