Consider an election between two candidates in which the voters’ choices are random and independent and the probability of a voter choosing the first candidate is p > 1/2. Condorcet’s Jury Theorem which he derived from the weak law of large numbers asserts that if the number of voters tends to infinity then the probability that the first candidate will be elected tends to one. The notion of inf...

in this paper rst we dene the notions of positive implicativehyper mv -ideals of types 1,2,3 and 4 in hyper mv -algebras and we investigatethe relationship between of them . then by some examples we show that thesenotions are not equivalent. finally we give some relations between these notionsand the notions of (weak) hyper mv -ideals and (weak) hyper mv -deductivesystems of hyper mv -algebras.

A voter sits on each vertex of an infinite tree of degree k, and has to decide between two alternative opinions. At each time step, each voter switches to the opinion of the majority of her neighbors. We analyze this majority process when opinions are initialized to independent and identically distributed random variables. In particular, we bound the threshold value of the initial bias such tha...

Proposals for a secure voting technology can involve new mechanisms or procedures designed to provide greater ballot secrecy or verifiability. These mechanisms may be justified on the technical level, but researchers and voting officials must also consider how voters will understand these technical details, and how understanding may affect interaction with the voting systems. In the context of ...

Conventional models of single district plurality elections show that with three parties anything can happen extreme policies can win regardless of voter preferences. I show that when there are multiple district elections for a legislature we get back to a world where the median voter matters: an extreme policy will generally only come about if it is preferred by the median voter in a majority o...

I argue that if citizens systematically underestimate what their government can and should do for them, then they will hold politicians to a lower standard and sanction poor performers less often. A large-scale experiment across 95 localities in Mali in which some voters received information about potential government performance identifies effects of raising voter expectations. Survey experime...

This paper examines a few of the numerous factors that may have led to increased youth turnout in the 2008 Election. First, theories of voter behavior and turnout are related to courting the youth vote. Several variables that are perceived to affect youth turnout such as party polarization, perceived candidate difference, voter registration, effective campaigning and mobilization, and use of th...

in this paper we characterize hyper mv -algebras in which 0 or1 are scalar elements . we prove that any nite hyper mv -algebra that 0is a scaler element in it, is an mv -algebra. finally we characterize hypermv -algebras of order 2 and order 3.

Voting on the outputs of redundant modules with real number results (i.e., where correctly functioning redundant systems may arrive at slightly different yet correct outputs for identical inputs) is not straightforward. Such cases need inexact voting in which some discrepancies between the outputs of redundant modules are allowed. Documented inexact voters use a fixed threshold value that may c...

In this paper, we consider lightweight decentralised algorithms for achieving consensus in distributed systems. Each member of a distributed group has a private value from a fixed set consisting of, say, two elements, and the goal is for all members to reach consensus on the majority value. We explore variants of the voter model applied to this problem. In the voter model, each node polls a ran...