Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a tunable source of reactive species and other physical factors. It exerts luxuriant biochemical effects on diverse cells, including bacterial mammalian plant cells. Over the past decade, CAP has shown promising application in modern agriculture. Here, we focused state art agriculture, particularly improvement seed germination rates. Typical sources, underlying ...

The mammalian testis is a complex organ that serves two important functions, synthesis of steroids, with significant amount of estrogenic hormones produced and production of spermatozoa. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in cells of the testis as well as the epididymal epithelium. We have demonstrated that estrogen receptor expression is higher in reproductive tissues as compared to non-re...

Secretion is a fundamental process in which cells release substances to their external environments. essential for many body functions, including growth, digestion, and cell communication. To be secreted, proteins must pass through various stations inside cells, together form what called the secretory pathway. In this article, I will tell you about pathway stages that go from production up unti...

adenoviruses are used extensively to deliver genes into mammalian cells, particularly where there is a requirement for high-level expression of transgene products in cultured cells, or for use as recombinant viral vaccines or in gene therapy. in spite of their usefulness, the construction of adenoviral vectors (adv) is a cumbersome and lengthy process that is not readily amenable to the generat...