Passion fruit plants are self-incompatible and fruiting is exclusively dependent on cross-pollination, which in nature performed by carpenter (mamangava) bees, especially Xylocopa spp. (family Apidae). To ensure satisfactory productivity, daily manual pollination a common practice among passionflower growers. Therefore, we studied whether mechanically transmits the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic vir...

Global climate change and anthropological activities have led to a decline in insect pollinators worldwide. Agricultural globalisation intensification also removed crops from their natural pollinators, sparked research identify alternate artificial technologies. In certain countries such as Australia the importation of commercial is prohibited, necessitating manual labour stimulate floral polli...

Pollination of insect pollinated crops has been found to be correlated to pollinator abundance and diversity. Since organic farming has the potential to mitigate negative effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity, it may also benefit crop pollination, but direct evidence of this is scant. We evaluated the effect of organic farming on pollination of strawberry plants focusing on (1...

Value estimates of ecosystem goods and services are useful to justify the allocation of resources towards conservation, but inconclusive estimates risk unsustainable resource allocations. Here we present replacement costs as a more accurate value estimate of insect pollination as an ecosystem service, although this method could also be applied to other services. The importance of insect pollina...

Different experiments have showed that interruption in pollination is an important problem in most almond orchards.Asmost of the almond cultivars are self-incompatible,pollination cannot be performed desirably and as a result a failure in almond yield is occurred.Thus under this circumstance,determination of selective cultivars compatibility and choosing appropriate pollinizers are so important...

Pollinator-mediated evolutionary divergence has seldom been explored in generalist clades because it is assumed that pollinators in those clades exert weak and conflicting selection. We investigate whether pollinators shape floral diversification in a pollination generalist plant genus, Erysimum. Species from this genus have flowers that appeal to broad assemblages of pollinators. Nevertheless,...

Pollination is the mechanical transfer of male pollen of a flower on the female stigma.This process has a fundamental role to survive the plants species.Since this process is invisible ,its importance has been ignored.Insufficient pollination can be harmful for the farmer instead of being useful.Pollination can be done via some ways.The most important ways are done by insects and wind.Pistachio...

Berry formation is the process of ovary conversion into a functional fruit, and is characterized by abrupt changes in the content of several phytohormones, associated with pollination and fertilization. Much effort has been made in order to improve our understanding of berry development, particularly from veraison to post-harvest time. However, the period of berry formation has been poorly inve...

Pollination is one of the most decisive practices in cocoa cultivation; therefore, to determine self-compatibility and evaluate morphology flower, it was carried out experimental farm "La Represa", Quevedo, Ecuador. For this purpose, a completely randomized DCA design used, with forty treatments, considering treatments hybrids three repetitions. Tukey's multiple range test (P≤0.05) applied diff...