ing as it does from population growth and technical progress, the model does not generate perpetual growth. It does, however, illustrate the role of organizational change in exploiting the gains to labor specialization and, thereby, overcoming diminishing returns to capital. The focus on organization, in turn, highlights the role of transaction costs as a determinant of long run economic perfor...

Abstract. This paper explains why computing the marginal effect of a change in two variables is more complicated in nonlinear models than in linear models. The command inteff computes the correct marginal effect of a change in two interacted variables for a logit or probit model, as well as the correct standard errors. The inteff command graphs the interaction effect and saves the results to al...

In the analysis of competing risk data, the observed effect of a covariate can be obtained via a Fine and Gray sub-distribution hazard ratio. Sometimes, it is also desirable to obtain the virtual effect of a covariate as if the competing risks were non-existent. Under the latent failure time scenario, when the event of interest and the competing risk event are independent, the cause-specific ha...

conditional  methods  of adjustment  are often used to quantify  the effect  of the exposure on the outcome.  as  a  result,  the  stratums-specific  risk  ratio  estimates  are  reported  in  the  presence  of interaction   between   exposure  and  confounder(s)   in  the  literature,  even  if  the  target  of  the intervention on the exposure is the total population and the interaction itsel...

OBJECTIVE Due to organ shortage, average waiting time for a kidney in Germany is about 4 years after start of dialysis. Number of kidney grafts recovered can only be maintained by accepting older and expanded criteria donors. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of donor and recipient risk on kidney long-term function. METHODS All deceased kidney transplantations were considered. W...

background and aim: an important criterion for success assessment of implant-supported prostheses is marginal fit. vertical and horizontal discrepancy can result in loosening of the prosthetic screw, crestal bone resorption, peri-implantitis and loss of osseointegration. despite careful attention to waxing, investing, and casting, marginal discrepancies are inevitable. the aim of this study was...

objective: this experimental in vitro study compared marginal adaptation of indirect composite, glass-ceramic inlays and direct composite. materials and methods: seventy-five recently extracted human molars were randomly divided into three groups (n=25) and mesio-occluso-distal cavities with the same dimensions were prepared in the teeth. indirect composite and glass-ceramic inlays were fabrica...

This paper estimates the marginal returns to college for individuals induced to enroll in college by different marginal policy changes. The recent instrumental variables literature seeks to estimate this parameter, but in general it does so only under strong assumptions that are tested and found wanting. We show how to utilize economic theory and local instrumental variables estimators to estim...