mudaraba is an old method of finance and trade. comparative historical studies show that mudaraba and a very similar european institution that appeared in 12th century first in italy and then in all europe i.e. commenda, had a very important role in the history of trade; specially in maritime trade of middle ages. from 16th century it strted to lose gradually its importance and then replaced by...

Several distinctive, and initially puzzling features of Nikophon's law on silver coinage (Rhodes/Osborne 25) become clear in light of the Athenian state's attempt to drive down transaction costs in order to maintain Athenian public revenues and private profits in the post-imperial era. I suggest that the law was explicitly intended to even the playing field of trade by ensuring non-citizens acc...

This study aims to determine and examine the law enforcement of illegal fishing factors that inhibit conducted by foreign ships in sea Indonesia terms international maritime law. The type research used authors this is a normative legal research. Normative done examining object form legislation or norms applicable applied particular problem. Concerning approach. results showed according 1982 Int...

The present article discusses and analyses the role contribution of International Maritime Dispute Settlement Bodies in sustainable fishery governance. From a maritime dispute settlement perspective, discussion on preserving marine biodiversity, including fisheries ecosystems, is unprecedented. However, impacts biodiversity require serious attention from viewpoint effective implementation Unite...

Coastal law is a relatively new legal field straddling other areas of law, namely environmental, private (torts, property), public (constitutional, administrative, planning), natural resources (oil and gas, fisheries), maritime and international law (law of the sea). Since the 1980s numerous countries (including states or provinces in federal countries) have adopted dedicated statutes as framew...

1. introduction seas and oceans comprise over 70 percent of the planet earth always taken into attention in the history. however, the most important official and legal actions to regularize a number of claims made by coastal countries regarding the demand of the territorial and marine control and exclusive ownership date the 20th century. the first conference on marine international law was hel...

This paper offers a critical interpretation of the EU’s recent Maritime Security Strategy (MSS) of 2014, making distinctions between hard and soft conceptions of maritime security. The theoretical approach employed invokes the ‘EU as neo-medieval empire’ (Bull 1977: 254-255; Rennger 2006; Zielonka 2006). By this account, the main objectives of EU maritime strategy are stability and encouragemen...