Theory: Scholars have long acknowledged that regulations based on price mechanisms are the most efficient means of pollution abatement, yet environmentalists have tended to oppose them in favor of quantity restrictions. The conventional explanation that environmentalists are either uninformed or behaving irrationally when they oppose the market underestimates their capacity to act in their own ...

The labour market can also make the process of migration easy and protect rights workers with some restrictions. This paper especially focuses on role regulations relating to migrant in EU. However, general have been expressed first chapter. When we talk about market, will be assessed as whether they are strong or not what extent get their protected. EU is large around world handled legislation...

Abstract We document systematic differences in bitcoin prices across 11 different markets representing 26% of global bitcoin trade volume. These differences must — due to the identical nature of all bitcoin — result from characteristics of markets themselves. We examine differences across the markets and find that those which do not require customer identification for establishing an account ar...

Prop. reg. section 1.871-151 suggests a protocol for ensuring that U.S.-source dividends embedded in specified derivative instruments2 are subject to withholding tax. This article highlights problems with the use of delta in prop. reg. section 1.871-15 and suggests how the regulations might be revised. Although the alternatives we discuss have some problems, substantial improvements are possibl...

This paper investigates the impact of environmental regulations on market structure using a Markov analysis to quantify relationships among macroeconomic variables, environmental regulation expenditures and firm size distribution in the pulp and paper. Results show that environmental regulation affects the probabilities of capacity moving from one company size category to another and of staying...

We analyze the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) as a regulatory tool using biofuel regulations as an illustrative example. A regulatory context calls for a consequential LCA (CLCA) of a policy as opposed to an attributional LCA (ALCA) of a product. In performing CLCA, issues of scale, price effects, technology and policy in the counterfactual state of the world, strategic behavior, policy hor...