Streptococcus pneumoniae is common nasopharyngeal commensal bacterium and important human pathogen. Vaccines against a subset of pneumococcal antigenic diversity have reduced rates of disease, without changing the frequency of asymptomatic carriage, through altering the bacterial population structure. These changes can be studied in detail through using genome sequencing to characterise systema...

Background & Aims: Pseudomonas aeruoginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and an important cause of nosocomial infections. Different factors are involved in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. This study was performed to compare some factors associated with the virulence of clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruoginosa. Methods: The present study was performed on 25 environmental isolate...

BACKGROUND The success of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV-7) introduced to the US childhood immunization schedule in 2000 was partially offset by increases in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal carriage due to non-vaccine serotypes, in particular 19A, in the years that followed. A 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) was introduced in 2010. As part of an ongoi...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes O, A and Asia1 are responsible for a significant number of disease outbreaks in Iraq. The current study can be considered as the first molecular characterization of serotype Asia1 in Iraq. The present investigation reports the detection of serotype FMDV Asia1 from local farms in Sulaimani districts in 2012 and 2014 outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis o...

background and objectives: dairy cattle have been implicated as principal reservoir of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec), with undercooked ground beef and raw milk being the major vehicles of food borne outbreaks. vtec has been implicated as an etiological agent of individual cases and outbreaks in developed countries. this study was designed to determine the prevalence of vetec in di...

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from adults (aged ?20 years) with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Japan.MethodsThis prospective observational was conducted 49 participating Japanese hospitals. S. were serotyped tested for at a central laboratory. Information regarding patient characteristics, u...

Background and Objectives: Listeria monocytogenes are known as an emerged foodborne pathogen and considered as a severe health risk. In the present study, prevalence and antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat meat products in Iran were assessed. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 ready-to-eat meat products, including chicken meat (wing, breast, and leg), lamb a...

background and objectives: group b streptococci (gbs) is a major cause of neonatal and maternal infections. the aim of this study was to determine the serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance profile of gbs strains isolated from pregnant women in ardabil. materials and methods: antibiotic resistance of 56 gbs isolates was investigated using e-test strips and disk-diffusion method. seroty...