Medicated chewing gum has been recognised as a new advanced drug delivery method, with promising future. Its potential not yet fully exploited because currently there is no gold standard for testing the release of agents from in vitro. This study presents novel humanoid robot capable closely replicating human motion closed environment, incorporating artificial saliva and allowing measurement xy...

The differences of physical properties cooked rice among different mastication processes were studied in three cultivars differing amylose contents, that is, japonica (JR), indica (IR), and waxy (WR). results indicated the average amount saliva added was 303.4 ± 15.9 mg/g for JR, 351.5 16.1 IR, 299.1 13.5 WR during oral processing. proportion free water JR significantly increased (p < .05), whe...

Water release or absorption of food is related to ease of swallowing for individuals with difficulties in mastication or swallowing. The aim of this study was to establish methods to mechanically measure and predict water releasing or absorptive tendency during mastication. There were ten ingredients used. Six, Japanese radish, carrot, potato, salmon, chicken, and scallops were typically heated...

Chronic psychological stress is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Maternal active mastication during prenatal stress attenuates stress response. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that maternal active mastication influences the effect of prenatal stress on bone mass and bone microstructure in adult offspring. Pregnant ddY mice were randomly divided into control, stress, and stress/ch...

The aim of the study was to investigate different factors that affect the level of patient's general satisfaction with maxillary and mandibular complete dentures (CDs) using a multivariate analysis. A total of 100 CD wearers participated in this study. There were 46 men (37-77 years old; mean age 62.6 +/- 9.2) and 54 women (34-77 years old; mean age 60.9 +/- 9.3). In the questionnaire the patie...

background and objectives: postoperative ileus is common after abdominal resection. it causes gas store,distention, nausea, vomiting, and even pain. this study examines the impact of gum chewing as a type of sham feeding on the duration of postoperative ileus. methods: in this randomized control trial study, 70 patients in two groups (each group n=35) underwent abdominal resection. the a group ...

in this project guidance and control of underwater robot, including three engines and propeller attached to it, by fuzzy control has been investigated. fuzzy control is done based on human experience and requiered laws. the robot can also be controlled and guided by the user. this robot may be used in sea or swimming pool environment for finding goal point and locate in desired direction. in ad...

In this paper, a new method was proposed for the navigation of a mobile robot in an unknown dynamic environment. The robot could detect only a limited radius of its surrounding with its sensors and it went on the shortest null space (SNS) toward the goal. In the case of no obstacle, SNS was a direct path from the robot to goal; however, in the presence of obstacles, SNS was a space around the r...

BACKGROUND Swallowing is triggered when a food bolus being prepared by mastication has reached a defined state. However, although this view is consensual and well supported, the physical properties of the swallowable bolus have been under-researched. We tested the hypothesis that measuring bolus physical changes during the masticatory sequence to deglutition would reveal the bolus properties po...