Fetal dystocia is the result of an unfortunate relationship between fetal anatomy and maternal pelvic capacity. Most commonly, arrest of labor progress occurs at a point at which the problem is solved without significant risk to maternal-fetal welfare by abdominal delivery. This article has, in part, focused upon some rare exceptions and on how to anticipate and deal with them as well as possible.

introduction and objectives: nulliparous women with unplanned pregnancy experience high levels of anxiety, which may adversely affect maternal-fetal attachment. therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the effect of guided imagery on maternal-fetal attachment in nulliparous women with unplanned pregnancy. materials and methods: in this clinical trial, 67 nulliparous women with unplanned ...

variations in detection sensitivity and quantification of fetal DNA concentrations were noted among laboratories very familiar with real-time PCR technology (21). Further studies will be needed to clarify this issue in addition to the continued exploration of other strategies for the investigation of complex fetal genetic traits by analysis of maternal plasma. These strategies may include the e...

anxiety during pregnancy: a risk factor for neonatal physical outcome? alipour z1, lamyian m*2, hajizadeh e3 received: 25 april, 2010 accepted: 27 july, 2010 abstract background & aims: antenatal maternal anxiety is common during pregnancy and may have side effects on mother and neonate. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between maternal anxiety and neonatal outcomes in nul...

Background: Burn is one of the public health problems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, and this problem is far more important for pregnant women and their fetus. There was no a systematic study to comprehensively review the epidemiology of Maternal and Fetal`s Burn inIran, this study was conducted for this purpose. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review and meta...

OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between a priori risk for fetal trisomy and the fraction of fetal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal blood. METHODS A comparative analysis on fetal cfDNA amounts was performed in subjects stratified into a priori risk groups based on maternal age, prenatal screening results, or nuchal translucency measurement. RESULTS Across the highest and lowest deci...

background: free fetal dna (ffd) in maternal plasma/serum has increasingly become the source of fetal material for diagnostic purposes in recent years. this source of fetal material can be used for sex determination. rh typing paternally inherited sequences and compound heterozygosity. reports on the lack of consistent pcr amplification of y-chromosome sequences of ffd in maternal plasma/serum ...

Fetal cell microchimerism (FCM) is the persistence of fetal cells in the maternal circulation and organs following pregnancy. Proposed hypotheses about the function of fetal cells in the pathogenesis of maternal cancer include promotion of tumorigenesis, protection by providing immunosurveillance, and participation in tissue repair. To date, studies of FCM and cancer have been primarily descrip...

The normal healthy fetus receives a constant influx of glucose from the mother. This constant influx provides for basal fetal metabolism. The normal fetoplacental glucose utilization rate is 5 to 6 mg/kg/min. After 27 weeks gestation, this glucose influx also provides for convertion into glycogen, which is deposited mainly in the liver. The fetal glucose levels are maintained by transport of ma...