background and objectives: one of the simplest and cheapest attachments for overdentures, is the ball-type attachment, however, keeping it during the first year of prosthesis delivery and after that is one of the main concerns of dentists. the present study aimed to assess the wear of matrix in overdentures attachment supported by one, two and three implants in the mandible. materials and metho...

For a ring R, endomorphism α of R and positive integer n we define a skew triangular matrix ring Tn(R,α). By using an ideal theory of a skew triangular matrix ring Tn(R,α) we can determine prime, primitive, maximal ideals and radicals of the ring R[x;α]/〈xn〉, for each positive integer n, where R[x;α] is the skew polynomial ring, and 〈xn〉 is the ideal generated by xn.

‎a ring $r$ is strongly clean provided that every element‎ ‎in $r$ is the sum of an idempotent and a unit that commutate‎. ‎let‎ ‎$t_n(r,sigma)$ be the skew triangular matrix ring over a local‎ ‎ring $r$ where $sigma$ is an endomorphism of $r$‎. ‎we show that‎ ‎$t_2(r,sigma)$ is strongly clean if and only if for any $ain‎ ‎1+j(r)‎, ‎bin j(r)$‎, ‎$l_a-r_{sigma(b)}‎: ‎rto r$ is surjective‎. ‎furt...

We define skew matrix gamma ring and describe the constitution of Jordan left centralizers derivations on a -ring. also show properties these concepts.

‎in a recent paper c‎. ‎miguel proved that the diameter of the commuting graph of the matrix ring $mathrm{m}_n(mathbb{r})$ is equal to $4$ if either $n=3$ or $ngeq5$‎. ‎but the case $n=4$ remained open‎, ‎since the diameter could be $4$ or $5$‎. ‎in this work we close the problem showing that also in this case the diameter is $4$.

In this article, we investigate the construction of lightweight MDS matrices over the matrix polynomial residue ring. According to distributions of the minimum polynomial, distributions of XOR count and equivalence classes of MDS matrices, we propose an algorithm, which not only can construct lightest MDS matrices, but also is evidently more efficient than previous methods. Moreover, we investi...

A general method for constructing convolutional codes from units in Laurent series over matrix rings is presented. Using group rings as matrix rings, this forms a basis for in-depth exploration of convolutional codes from group ring encodings, wherein the ring in the group ring is itself a group ring. The method is used to algebraically construct series of convolutional codes. Algebraic methods...

Matrix rings are prominent in abstract algebra. In this paper we give an overview of the theory matrix near-rings. A near-ring differs from a ring that it does not need to be abelian and one distributive laws hold general. We introduce two ways which near-rings can defined discuss structure each. One is as given by Beildeman other Meldrum. his normal arrays under operation multiplication additi...

The 2D quantum gravity on a disc, or the non-critical theory of open strings, is known to exhibit an integrable structure, the boundary ground ring, which determines completely the boundary correlation functions. Inspired by the recent progress in boundary Liouville theory, we extend the ground ring relations to the case of non-vanishing boundary Liouville interaction known also as FZZT brane i...