Multidrug resistance (Mdr) transporters are ATP-binding cassette transporters that efflux amphipathic cations from cells and protect tissues from xenobiotics. Unfortunately, Mdr transporters also efflux anticancer drugs from some tumor cells, resulting in multidrug resistance. There are two groups of Mdrs in mice: group I includes Mdr1a and Mdr1b that transport xenobiotics, whereas group II is ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Multidrug resistance proteins (MDRs, including P-glycoproteins) are efflux pumps that serve important biological functions but hinder successful drug delivery to the CNS. Many chemotherapeutic agents, anti-epileptics, anti-HIV drugs, and opiates are substrates for MDRs. Therefore, understanding the regulation of MDRs in the endothelial cells composing the blood-brain barrier has...

Educational attainment is among the most substantial protective factors against cigarette smoking, including during pregnancy. Although Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) of educational attainment, defined as weaker effect education for racial and ethnic minority groups compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, has been demonstrated in previous studies; such MDRs are not tested smoking To better unde...

We hypothesized that multidrug resistance efflux pumps (MDRs) may be contributing to the drug resistance of enterococci. We recently identified potential MDR-encoding genes in the Enterococcus faecalis V583 genome. Among the putative MDRs, we found a gene that encodes a NorA homolog and have characterized this enterococcal MDR in the present study. A mutant from which the enterococcal NorA homo...

Integration profiles collaboratively developed by CDISC and IHE for integrating data from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) with clinical research and pharmacovigilance are limited to resolving lexical/syntactic data integration issues and do not address semantic barriers. This paper describes the collaboration between two European projects - EHR4CR and SALUS - in implementing ISO/IEC 11179-base...

During the Mars Society's Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) Rotation 49 (April 23May 7, 2006), we field tested and significantly extended a prototype monitoring and advising system for the habitat crew that integrates data from the MDRS power system. A distributed, wireless network of functionally specialized agents interact with the crew to provide alerts, access and interpret historical dat...

This paper identifies a new paradigm of prediction, Agile Prediction of ongoing temporal sequences, which achieves an acceptable accuracy just by the historical subsequences as short as possible and as close to the predicted time point as possible. To address agile prediction, a new concept, Dominative Random Subsequence (DRS for short), is first introduced to capture the local influence and lo...

Ovarian protection from chemotoxicity is essential for reproductive health. Our objective is to determine the role of ATP-dependent, Multidrug Resistance Transporters (MDRs) in this protection. Previously we identified MDR-dependent cytoprotection from cyclophosphamide in mouse and human oocytes by use of MDR inhibitors. Here we use genetic deletions in MDR1a/b/BCRP of mice to test MDR function...

Introduction: Employment is a major social determinant of health (SDoH) and core socioeconomic status (SES) indicator. This study used nationally representative sample American adults to test the association between employment self-rated (SRH) overall by race. Methods: Using data from Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2020) Cycle 4, this analysis included 1403 individuals includi...

Introduction: Although education is among the major socioeconomic status (SES) resources that influence populations’ and individuals’ health, social marginalization may reduce the health gain that follows access to SES indicators such as education, a pattern called marginalization-related diminished return (MDR). The literature on MDRs, however, has been mainly derived from stu...